Lecture 1B: Watershed Management Objectives and Practices

Question 1

define watershed management

Answer 1

regulation and control of the uses of land, water and other watershed resources applying science and technology

Question 2

goals of watershed management

Answer 2

• minimize adverse impacts on soil, water, biodiversity and other watershed resources and ecosystem services
• satisfy needs of stakeholders
• meet development goals of concerned sectors

Question 3

watershed management objectives

Answer 3

• eradicate pervasive poverty
• improve conservation of soil, water, and natural resources, including biodiversity
• promote equitable sharing of benefits and costs
• encourage active involvement of local communities and key stakeholders
• facilitate mutually beneficial arrangements among stakeholders
• promote orderly and less damaging use of land and resources
• establish institutional mechanisms to ensure sustainability of watershed management projects

Question 4

primary objective of watershed management is to ensure ____ of ____ resources

Answer 4

primary objective of watershed management is to ensure sustainability of waterresources

Question 5

true or false

sustainability of water resources depends on the sustainability of other watershed resources

Answer 5

true

Question 6

challenges involved in managing watersheds effectively

Answer 6

• multiple demands
• multiple land uses and users
• multiple LGUs having jurisdiction over parts of a watershed
• multiple ecosystems that are sensitive to human activities

Question 7

true or false

commonly, a watershed is used only for one specific use

Answer 7

false

it is very rare to find a watershed that is withdrawn from other uses

Question 8

true or false

for countries like the PH with small land area but large population, a singe use watershed is practical

Answer 8

false

single use watershed in the context is not practical

Question 9

true or false

all type of uses can be found in most watershed since almost all land area are inside the watershed

Answer 9

true

Question 10

true or false

one of the tasks of a watershed manager is to prohibit the use of watershed

Answer 10

false

their is not to prohibit but to regulate

Question 11

true or false

there are uses of land that’s not allowed in a watershed even if it does not degrade the soil

Answer 11

false

any land use may be allowed as long as it does not degrade the soil

Question 12

good soil is essential in a watershed to:

Answer 12

• maintain sufficient flow of water to the groundwater storage
• minimize soil erosion
• maintain good vegetation cover
• protect quality of surface water

Question 13

ground-water flow paths vary greatly in [3 factors] from points of recharge to points of discharge in the ground-water system

Answer 13

• length
• depth
• travel time

Question 14

any land use in a watershed should not disrupt the functions and services of interconnected ecosystems

this integrity of ecosystems in a watershed is a key to the?

Answer 14

sustainability of water

Question 15

challenge in management of watersheds that is located in many LGUs

Answer 15

the LGus not having the same priorities for development

Question 16

the LGUs in upstream areas need to pursue their development respecting the limitations of its area such as susceptibility to ____, otherwise midstream and downstream LGUs will suffer ____

Answer 16

the LGUs in upstream areas need to pursue their development respecting the limitations of its area such as susceptibility to erosion, otherwise midstream and downstream LGUs will suffer siltation

Question 17

major watershed management practices

Answer 17

1. watershed characterization
2. watershed planning
3. implementation
4. monitoring and evaluation

CPIMe

Question 18

factors that determine watershed behavior

Answer 18

• climate, topography, soil (physical factors)
• plant and animals (biological factors)
• policies, management, governance, resource use, culture (socioeconomic factors)

Question 19

among the factors that determine watershed behavior, which is considered to be the most influential?

Answer 19

socioeconomic factors

Question 20

this is the process of describing the watershed features

Answer 20

watershed characterization

Question 21

true or false

watershed planning is also referred as watershed situational analysis

Answer 21

false

it is watershed characterization that’s referred as that

Question 22

true or false

in watershed characterization, only quantitative methods are used

Answer 22

false

both quantitative and qualitative methods are used

Question 23

main goal of watershed characterization

Answer 23

understanding why the watershed is behaving the way it is

Question 24

true or false

watershed characterization explores current and emerging problems and its direct and indirect or root causes and impacts

Answer 24

true

watershed characterization explores current and emerging problems and its direct and indirect or root causes and impacts

Question 25

outputs produced from watershed characterization are bases for:

Answer 25

- designing **solutions** to address problems - designing **development intervention** to capture opportunities - designing and implementing **monitoring and evaluation system**

Question 26

key watershed features

Answer 26

- soil condition - land form - land use - biodiversity, pest and diseases - groundwater - stream flow - climate change - water related risks - agri/industrial productivity - coastal and marine productivity - knowledge, attitude and practices - policies and programs

Question 27

# watershed management approaches the approach which applies the understanding on the interaction of watershed features

Answer 27

science-based management

Question 28

watershed management approaches

Answer 28

- holistic and system approach - ecosystem approach - participatory approach - community-based approach - science and technology-based decisions

Question 29

# true or false watershed management should be compartmentalized in management in approach

Answer 29

false | watershed management should not be compartmentalized

Question 30

# true or false in watershed management, we should pay attention to minimizing disruptive impacts

Answer 30

true

Question 31

healthy ecosystems means use of ____ and ____ are sustainable, as well as other ecosystem services

Answer 31

**land and water**

Question 32

# true or false combined net impacts of all land uses in a watershed has large impacts

Answer 32

false | net impacts are only minimal

Question 33

if holistic and ecosystem-based watershed management is to be employed in a land use, what should be achieved?

Answer 33

**combination of land uses** in a way that **development goals** across ecosystems are simultaneously **achieved** and that it promotes balanced **protection** and **production goals**

Question 34

participatory watershed management highlights?

Answer 34

**cooperative effort** across various levels of governance and specialized sectors to manage watershed areas effectively

Question 35

key [activities] under participatory watershed management

Answer 35

- multi-agency collaboration - LGU leadership role - multi-LGU collaboration - community participation

Question 36

problem encountered with multi-agency collaboration

Answer 36

not coordinated agencies

Question 37

in science-based watershed management, instrumentation is done to produce ____

Answer 37

in science-based watershed management, **instrumentation** is done to produce **computer-based database**

Question 38

some of the features observed in science-based watershed management are:

Answer 38

- stream - meteorology - biodiversity - soil erosion