Lecture I: The Human Body Flashcards
Scientific study of the body’s structures and their relationship to one another.
Human Anatomy
Scientific study of the chemistry and physics of the structures of the body and the ways in which they work together to support the functions of life
Human Physiology
Forms the external body covering; protects deeper tissue from injury; synthesizes vitamin D; location of sensory receptors (pain, pressure, etc.) and sweat and oil glands.
Integumentary System
Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression; maintains posture;
produces heat.
Muscular System
Protects and supports body organs; provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement; blood cells are formed within bones; stores minerals.
Skeletal System
Fast-acting control system of the body; responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands.
Nervous System
Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use by body cells.
Endocrine System
Eliminates nitrogen-containing wastes from the body; regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the blood.
Urinary System
Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, carbon dioxide, wastes, etc.; the heart pumps blood.
Cardiovascular System
Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood; disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream; houses white blood cells involved in immunity.
Lymphatic System
Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide; gas exchange occurs through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs.
Respiratory System
Breaks food down into absorbable nutrients that enter the blood for distribution to body cells; indigestible foodstuffs are eliminated as feces.
Digestive System
Overall function of the ____ system is production of offspring. ____ produce sperm and male sex hormone; ducts and glands aid in delivery of viable sperm to the female reproductive tract. ____ produce eggs and female sex hormones; remaining structures serve as sites for fertilization and development of the fetus. _____ of female breasts produce milk to nourish the newborn.
Reproductive, testes, ovaries. mammary glands
Like the nervous system, the _____ system controls body activities, but it acts much more slowly.
Endocrine System
____ or gall, is a yellow-green fluid produced by the liver of most vertebrates that aids the digestion of lipids in the small intestine.
Bile
The urinary system is often called ___ system.
Excretory System
The energy-rich molecules that power cellular activities.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
List 8 functions that humans must perform to maintain life.
clue: MMRD MERG
maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, growth
List the five survival needs of the human body.
nutrients (food), oxygen, water, appropriate temperature and atmospheric pressure
What macromolecule are the major energy providing fuel for body cells.
Carbohydrates
What macromolecule cushion body organs and provide reserve fuel.
Fats or Lipids
Water accounts for ______ percent of body
weight
60% to 80%
It is the single most abundant chemical substance in the body and provides the fluid base for body secretions and excretions.
Water
It is the most abundant element in the human body, accounting for about 65% of a person’s mass.
Oxygen
