Lecture Four Flashcards
Define coarticulation
variation in the pronunciation of a phoneme- caused by properties of neighbouring sounds
define perceptual invariance
ability different versions of sounds as part of the same category
define phonemes
smallest unit of sound
define allophones
2+ similar sounds that are a variant of the same phoneme EX /Ph/aper & s/P/ill
what is categorical perception
Your brain groups similar sounds together, making them seem the same, while sounds from different groups seem different. EX> bear & pear
Briefly describe forced identification tasks
an experimental task where subjects must categorize stimuli into 2 categories EX. is it Ba or Pa
briefly describe ABX discrimination task
2 different sounds are played followed by a 3rd random sound, must decide if it sounds like the first or second sound
define cue weighting
process of prioritizing certain cues to tell sounds apart
What have studies on music training shown?
those with music training are better at percieving speech in noise, detecting differences in sounds, detecting syllabic structure & properties of speech
what is the phoneme restoration effect?
listeners hear a missing sound in speech due to strong expectation
What is the ganong effect?
listeners percieve the same ambigious sound differently depending on which word is embedded. EX t with ask, d with ash
What is the McGurk effect?
A trick of the senses where hearing and sight clash, making you perceive a different sound.
What does Nygaard & Pistoni’s study on adapting to talking say?
familiar talkers performed better than unfamiliar talkers- more noise mixed in with the signal, greater the benefit of familiarity
What is the perceptual window?
beyond a certain limit in childhood it becomes more difficult to learn phonetic distinction
how does ventroloquism work?
listeners rely more on visuals than auditory- fill in the blanks themselves
what happens to speech perception as we age?
decline in sensory & cognitive ability can affect perception- but shown that old ppl can compensate
define phonemic awareness
dyslexic impairment- ability to consciously analyse strings of sounds by breaking them down into phonemes
