Lecture Five Flashcards
what two concepts are evidence to partial retrieval of related words?
lexical decision task & semantic priming
Briefly describe lexical decision task
participants see strong of letter than could be real or fake word, press one button for real, another for fake
briefly describe semantic priming
hearing/ reading word partially activates other words, makes recognizing related words later on much easier
define facilitation
processes that make it easier for word recognition to be completed
define inhibition
processes that result in word recognition becoming more difficult (have to inhibit irrelevant info)
define neighbourhood density effect
harder to retrieve word from memory if it bears a strong resemblance to other words
Describe spreading activation network
hearing a word activates the mental representation of a word
define mediated semantic priming
prime word speds up response to target word due to indirect connections
define decay function
rate at which information fades in memory
define the length effect
Longer words are recognized more slowly than shorter words
define the frequency effect
low frequency words are recognized more slowly than high frequency words
what is the age of aquisition effect?
words aquired earlier in life tend to be recognized more easily than ones learned later in life
what are homophones?
2+ words that have seperate meanings that sound the same
what are homographs?
words that are spelled the same with different meanings
what are polysemous words?
words that convey related but different meanings
Briefly describe bottom up recognition
sounds-words-semantic features. Both meanings of word are active until more information is aquired
briefly describe top down recognition
context generates mire expectation for some meanings than others, by the time word is heard-one meaning is more active than other
briefly describe a crossmodal priming task
hear words embedded within full sentences & must respond to test words displayed on computer. involves both spoken & written modalities
define cohort competitors
words with overlapping onset
briefly describe the cohort model
model of word recongition in which mutiple cohort competitors become active immediately & are gradually winnowed down to a single candiate
define uniqueness point
point in which there is enough info to allow listener to differentiate a single word from cohort competitors
define the single system connections model
over course of learning connections between sounds & meanings are supplemented
which two components are part of the dual route model?
direct & assmebled phonology
define the direct route
orthogrpahic symbols are directly connected with meaning of word without involving sound symbol correspondence
define assembled phonology route
graphemes are sounded out against their corresponding sounds beginning at left edge of word
define graphemes
written symbols analogous to phonemes in spoken language. graphemes may not respond to phonemes.
briefly describe alphabetic irregularities
real alphabetic languages map individual symbols onto sounds
define morphemes
smallest bundle of sounds that can be related to some systematic meaning
what is a logopgrahic writing system
symbols are mapped to units of meaning (chinese)
what is a syllabic writing system
characters represent different syllabes (japanese)
Define alphabetic inventoryy
collection of orthogrpahic symbols that map onto singke sounds
define phonemic awareness
concious recognition of phonemes as distinct units
describe incremental language processing
listeners generate general hypothesis about meaning of unfolding speech & revisit these hypotheses on the fly. Eye tracking method
describe the TRACE model
makes prediction at odds of cohort model; words who overlap with target word in middle/end and should become activated as well
define mondegreens
slips of the ear resulting from error in word segmentation
