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FINALS chem > lecture finals > Flashcards

lecture finals Flashcards

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1
Q
  • Simplest organic compounds primarily containing Carbon and Hydrogen

-Occur abundantly in nature

A

HYDROCARBONS

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2
Q

Length of carbon chain determines:

A

-melting point
-boiling point
-physical state

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3
Q

Common Hydrocarbons

A

a. LPG
b. Candle Wax
c. Local anesthetics
d. Acetylene Torch

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4
Q

mixture of propane & butane

A

LPG

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5
Q

Used to denote non-cyclic, or open chain
carbon compounds

A

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons or “Acyclic

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6
Q

derived from the word “aleiphatos” or
“fat”

A

Hydrocarbon

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7
Q

each atom in the molecule forms four single
covalent bonds with each other

A

Saturated Hydrocarbons

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8
Q

-Saturated hydrocarbon
-Contain only carbon and hydrogen
-Carbon to hydrogen & carbon to carbon single bonds

A

Alkanes

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9
Q

Known as paraffins (“little affinity”) and methane hydrocarbons

A

Alkanes

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10
Q

-Straight or branched chain hydrocarbons with only single covalent bonds between the carbon atoms
-These are aliphatic compounds

A

Alkanes

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11
Q

When the compounds belonging to a class are arranged in order of increasing molecular weights

A

Homologous Series

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12
Q

A set of compounds is formed in which the members differ in composition from one another by –CH2 unit

A

Homologous Series

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13
Q

The carbon atoms which are not included in the parent chain are considered as

A

alkyl substituents

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14
Q

when light is passed thru a NicolPrism, the emerging light is called plane polarized light which vibrates in only one plane

A

Plane Polarized Light

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15
Q

enantiomerthat rotates the plane polarized light to the right (+)

A

Dextrorotatory

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16
Q

-left rotation of plane polarized light (-)

A

Levorotatory

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17
Q

-equal moles of dextro and levo
enantionmers

-results to optically inactive mixture

-neither rotate to the left nor to the right

A

Racemic mixture

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18
Q

Classes of Carbon

A

a. Primary Carbon
b. Secondary Carbon
c. Tertiary Carbon

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19
Q

-one that is bonded with only one or no other carbon atom;

A

Primary Carbon

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20
Q

-one that is bonded with two other carbon atom

A

Secondary Carbon

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21
Q

one that is bonded to three carbon atoms

A

Tertiary Carbon

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22
Q

PROPERTIES OF ALKANES

A

A. Physical State
B. Boiling Points
C. Melting Points
D. Solubility
E. Density

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23
Q
  • a substitution reaction with halogen

-is substituted for a hydrogen atom.

A

Halogenation

24
Q
  • Hydrogen is lost from an organic compound
  • an elimination reaction
A

Dehydrogenation

25
Q

breaking up large molecules to form smaller ones

A

Cracking

26
Q

conversion of one structural formula to another in the presence of a catalyst

A

Isomerization

27
Q

-higher alkanes when boiled with fuming
nitric acid forms nitroalkanes

A

Nitration

28
Q

higher alkanes(hexane and Up) when boiled
with fuming sulfuric acid gives sulfonic acid

A

Sulfonation

29
Q

-formation of aromatic compounds when alkanes containing 6 carbon atoms are heated to about 400’C w/ Pt.,Pd.,Ni.,Co.

A

Aromatization/Reforming

30
Q

The formula RX indicates a halogen atom attached to an alkyl group and represents the class of compounds known as

A

Alkyl Halides

31
Q

The two main sources of alkanes are

A

natural gas and petroleum

32
Q

is formed by the anaerobic decay of plants and animals

A

Natural gas

33
Q

also called crude oil, consists of a mixture of hydrocarbons and is formed by the decomposition of plants and animals over millions of years.

A

Petroleum

34
Q

A Major Petroleum Product

A

Gasoline

35
Q
  • Formula = CnH2n
  • names are formed by adding the prefix cyclo to the name of the alkane with the same number of carbon atoms.
A

Cycloalkanes

36
Q

Cycloalkanes generally similar to open-chain alkanes in both physical properties and chemical reactivity, except

A

a. Cyclopropane
b. Cyclobutane

37
Q

are saturated hydrocarbons; they contain only single bonds between carbon atoms.

A

Cycloalkanes

38
Q

consist of 3 families of
homologous compounds

A

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

39
Q

-contain carbon to
carbon double bond

A

Alkenes

40
Q

-contain carbon to
carbon triple bond

A

Alkynes

41
Q

contain benzene rings

A

Aromatic compounds

42
Q

angel bond of 120’ about each carbon in
a double bond

-other names:
-Ethylene series
-Olefins or oil
forming gas

A

Alkenes

43
Q
  • serves as a parent compound
  • serves as local anesthesia
  • raw material for plastics
  • accelerates ripening of fruits in orchards
A

Ethylene

44
Q

Stereoisomerism in Alkenes 2 groups

A

a. Cis
b. Trans

45
Q

-where the two substituents are located
on the same side of the double bond

A

Cis

46
Q

where the two substituent are located on
opposite sides of the double bond

A

Trans

47
Q
  • USEDASBEVERAGE
  • SLOW REACTION TIME
  • DEPRESSESTHENERVOUSSYSTEM
  • CAN BE PREPARED FROM FERMENTATION
A

ETHYL ALCOHOL

48
Q
  • TOXIC AND SHOULD NOT BE TAKEN INTERNALLY

-NOT ABSORBED THROUGH THE SKIN SO IT IS COMMONLY USED AS RUBBING ALCOHOL AND AS ASTRINGENT

A

ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL

49
Q
  • CYCLIC ALCOHOL
  • HAS A COOLING,REFRESHING FEELING WHEN RUBBED ON THE SKIN
  • USED AS COUGH DROPS AND NASAL SPRAYS
A

MENTHOL

50
Q
  • WEAK ACIDS POISONOUS IF TAKEN INTERNALLY AND CAUSES DEEP BURN AND BLISTERS ON THE SKIN
  • USED AS DISINFECTANT FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS AND UTENSILS,CLOTHING AND LINENS,FLOORS,TOILETS AND SINKS
A

PHENOL

51
Q
  • FORMED DURING THE DEHYDRATION OF ALCOHOLS
  • GOOD SOLVENTS BECAUSE THEY AREI NERT;VERY FLAMMABLE
  • HAS THE FUNCTIONAL GROUP OF R-O-R
A

ETHERS

52
Q

-COMMONLY KNOWN ETHER AND USED EXTENSIVELY AS A GENERAL ANESTHETIC

  • VERY EASY TO ADMINISTER AND IS AN EXCELLENT MUSCULAR RELAXANT
  • FLAMMABLE AND IRRITATING TO THE MEMBRANES OF THE RESPIRATORY TRAC
A

DIETHYL ETHER

53
Q

HAS THE FUNCTIONAL GROUP OF
R-CHO

A

ALDEHYDES

54
Q
  • USED IN THE LAB AS WATER SOLUTION
  • 40% SOLUTION IS COMMONLY KNOWN AS FORMAL IN WHICH IS USED IN EMBALMING FLUIDS AND AS PRESERVATIVE FOR BIOLOGIC SPECIMEN
A

FORMALDEHYDE (METHANAL)

55
Q
A

FINALS chem (3 decks)

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