Lecture Exam #2: Skeletal And Bone Features Flashcards
What is a part of the axial skeleton?
Skull, vertebrae, sternum, ribs, sacrum, hyoid
What is part of the appendicular skeleton?
Pectoral girdle, upper/lower limbs, pelvic girdle
What is articulation?
Consisting of segments united by joints
Auditory ossicles (SKULL)
3 in each ear in the middle: malleus, incus, stapes
Hyoid Bone:
Between chin & larynx, doesn’t articulate w/ any bone, suspended by muscle
Infant Skull
Fontanels: spaces between unfused bones
Metopic Suture: fusing of the frontal bones
Reaches full size by 8 or 9
Spine Vertebraes
33 TOTAL
Cervical: 7
Thoracic: 12
Lumbar: 5
Sacral: 5
Coccygeal: 4
Functions of Spine
-supports skull/trunk
-allows movement
-protects spinal cord
-absorbs stress
-provides attachment for limbs, thoracic cage, postural muscles
Types of Curvature:
- Newborn Curvature: C shape (thoracic/lumbar)
- Adult Curvature: S shape (cervical/pelvic)
- Abnormal Curvature: scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis
Explain Scolosis
Abnormal lateral curvature in thoracic region, particularly in adolescent girls
Explain Kyphosis
Exaggerated thoracic curvature, caused by wrestling/weightlifting in young boys (hunchback)
Explain Lordosis
Exaggerated lumbar curvature, caused by pregnancy/obesity (sway back)
When you go down the spine vertebrae get…..
Larger
C1-ATLAS
supports head, has no body, allows yes nodding motion
C2-AXIS
dens projects into atlas, allows “no” nodding motion
Intervertebral Discs
binds vertebra, supports weight of body, absorbs shock
intervertebral foramen
holes seen from lateral views when vertebrae are connected, passage way for spinal nerves
vertebral foramen
hole in between body and spinous process
describe cervical vertebrae
bifid spinous process, only type with transverse foramen
describe a thoracic vertebrae 
spinous process is angled down and pointy, has costal facets for ribs
Describe the thoracic cage
has sternum/ribs/thoracic vertebrae, costal margin: downward arc of the ribs
what are the true ribs
ribs 1-7, direct attachment to dternum
what are the false ribs
ribs 8-10, join together then go to sternum
what are the floating ribs
ribs 11/12, still false, don’t attach at all