Lecture Exam 1 - Trunk

Question 1

Serial Homology is when…

Answer 1

structures which arise from the same origin

Question 2

Segmentation is the…

Answer 2

division of the body into specific units

Question 3

A somite is a… that become…

Answer 3

block of mesodermal tissue that become vertebrae, ribs, skin, and some muscles

Question 4

Notocord is derived from… and forms the…

Answer 4

mesoderm (embryonic tissue) and forms the central axis of the vertebrate body

Question 5

Intercostal muscles are located…

Answer 5

between ribs

Question 6

Innervation is the…

Answer 6

connections between the nerve and a structure

Question 7

Actions occur… (where)

Answer 7

at or around a joint

Question 8

Actions are caused by…

Answer 8

muscles

Question 9

The only thing muscles can do is…

Answer 9

contract

Question 10

Flexion is the…

Answer 10

change of an angle at a joint

Question 11

Opposition is only used when discussing…

Answer 11

thumbs

Question 12

The Axial skeletal system contains the…

Answer 12

skull and vertebral column

Question 13

The Appendicular skeletal system is made up of…

Answer 13

the limbs that hang off the main skeletal column

Question 14

Embryotic somites are ___ paired…

Answer 14

bilaterally paired blocks of mesoderm

Question 15

Fibrous Joints are held together by…

Answer 15

ligaments

Question 16

The Fibrous joints include… (3)

Answer 16

Sutures, Syndesmoses, and Gomphoses

Question 17

Sutures are found primarily… and their function is to

Answer 17

in the skull and they hold two bones together

Question 18

Syndesmoses… (function) and are mostly in the…

Answer 18

hold two bones together, mostly in the arms and legs

Question 19

Gomphoses… (function) and only for this

Answer 19

hold your teeth in their socket, only for teeth

Question 20

The Cartilaginous Joints include… (2)

Answer 20

Synchondrosis and Symphyses

Question 21

Synchondrosis joints are… (temporary and/or permanent) joints that… and are made of (type of cartilage)
Their function is to… BUT…

Answer 21

temporary OR permanent joints that hold onto a bone
often made of hyaline cartilage,
keep two things together but allow for flexing

Question 22

Symphyses joints are (temporary and/or permanent) that only occur (where in the body)… and are made of… (type of cartilage)

Answer 22

permanent joints that only occur on the midline of the body and are made of pads of fibrocartilage

Question 23

Pronation is the action when the arm is…

Answer 23

extended (palm up) and you can turn your thumb/hand down and the shoulder joint doesn’t move

Question 24

The Synovial Joints include… (6)

Answer 24

Articular cartilage, Synovial membrane, Synovial fluid,

Joint capsule, ligaments, and tendons

Question 25

Articular cartilage helps with... and bones...

Answer 25

the smooth movement, “helps bones move in “articulation” with one another”

Question 26

Articulation allows...

Answer 26

two bones to move smoothly against one another, or two bones against each other

Question 27

The purpose of Synovial fluid is to...

Answer 27

lubricate and let joints rub against each other

Question 28

Ligaments connect...

Answer 28

bone to bone

Question 29

Tendons connect...

Answer 29

muscle to bone

Question 30

The Costal facet is where the ___ meets the ___ and...

Answer 30

where the rib meets the vertebrae and articulates with it

Question 31

A Facet is a... where...

Answer 31

flat area where two bones articulate

Question 32

The parts of the vertebral arch are the... (2)

Answer 32

Lamina and Pedicle

Question 33

Lamina are... faced... that...

Answer 33

flat faces (faced posteriorly) that come together to form the spinous process

Question 34

Pedicles are faced... (relative anatomical position) and... (action)

Answer 34

posteriorly and come together to form (shape between them)

Question 35

C1 is also know as the...

Answer 35

atlas

Question 36

C2 is also know as the...

Answer 36

axis

Question 37

C1 lacks the... because...

Answer 37

cerebral body since it’s holding your head

Question 38

The ___ of the axis allows rotation around the atlas

Answer 38

dens

Question 39

The (atlas/axis) rotates around the (atlas/axis)

Answer 39

axis rotates around the atlas

Question 40

Transverse process refers to...

Answer 40

the things that are sticking out

Question 41

(C1/C2) rotates around (C1/C2)

Answer 41

C2 rotates around C1

Question 42

Foramen refers to...

Answer 42

1

Question 43

Foramina refers to...

Answer 43

more than 1

Question 44

The Primary vertebral curvature is (age) and is (shape)

Answer 44

C-shaped at birth

Question 45

The Secondary vertebral curvature forms the... and formation allows...

Answer 45

cervical and lumbar and allows you to hold your head up and walk

Question 46

Name the Abnormal Vertebral Curvatures (3)

Answer 46

Kyphosis (hyperkyphosis), Lordosis (hyperlordosis), and | Scoliosis

Question 47

Kyphosis (hyperkyphosis)- is when... and happens to...

Answer 47

your spine curves so you hunch over and happens to the elderly

Question 48

Lordosis (hyperlordosis) is a/an...

Answer 48

exaggerated lumbar curve

Question 49

Scoliosis is... has a connection to the...

Answer 49

is a curved spine that's connected to the intervertebral foramen

Question 50

Vertebral Support Systems consist of...

Answer 50

Intervertebral disks

Question 51

Vertebral Support Systems make up _% of the heigh column and cannot be found ___ or ___

Answer 51

25% of height column and there are none between C1-C2 or below S1

Question 52

Intervertebral disks are remnants of... and function as...

Answer 52

Remnants of notochord and function as shock absorbers

Question 53

“interspinous ligament” is a ligament that...

Answer 53

ligament that spans into two spinous processes

Question 54

Intervertebral disks are a ___/___ joint

Answer 54

cartilaginous/symphysis joint

Question 55

Hernia is when...

Answer 55

something pushing into a space that it doesn’t belong in; can occur all over the body