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CLT > Lecture Exam 1 > Flashcards

Lecture Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two parts to a logarithm?

A

Mantissa ( the decimal part) and characteristic (whole number);

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2
Q

What is a mantissa in terms of scientific notation?

A

The coefficient in scientific notation

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3
Q

Whats the rule for sigfigs when working with logs?

A

The sigfigs rule only applies to the mantissa ONLY based on the amount of sigfigs in the characteristic

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4
Q

Log 10 =

A

1.00

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5
Q

How to determine the log of a number in scientific notation?

A

add the log coefficient and whatever exponent the 10 with has

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6
Q

What happens when you divide logs?

A

Subtract the log of the denominator from the log of the numerator

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7
Q

What is a logarithm with a negative exponent equal to? (log g^-h)

A

Multiplying the negative exponent by the log of the number( -h x log g)

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8
Q

What are the two parts to a dilution?

A

The sample and the diluent

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9
Q

What is another name for the diluent?

A

The solvent

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10
Q

What is the formula for simple dilution?

A

sample volume/sample volume + diluent volume OR sample volume/total volume

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11
Q

What is the difference between plasma and serum?

A

Serum is a result a clotted sample where plasma has clotting factors

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12
Q

Serial dilutions vs Multiple dilutions

A

serial dilutions includes same dilution amount for each tube in the series and multiple dilutions include different amounts per tube

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13
Q

Whats the point of a serial dilution?

A

To reach the final dilution of a sample needed for a test

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14
Q

How to find the concentration of a diluted tube?

A

Divide sample volume from dilution factor

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15
Q

What is a titre?

A

The last measurable reaction of a dilution

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16
Q

What does it mean if someone has a low titre?

A

It means the person is not immune to disease that was being tested

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17
Q

Saturated solution

A

Saturated solution is when the maximum amount of solute has been dissolved in the solvent at a specific temperature; the solution is at equilibrium

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18
Q

Supersaturated solution

A

when the solution needs a change in temperature in order for the solute to dissolve more than usual; the solution is out of equilibrium

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19
Q

Examples of Solvent

A

Saline/water; the diluent; the liquid the solute is dissolving into

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20
Q

Example of Solute

A

salt, sugar, the sample being diluted

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21
Q

What are the 3 parts the molarity of a solution is composed of?

A

The gram weight of the solute, the solute’s gram molecular weight, solvent quantity

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22
Q

How to find the mole?

A

Gram weight of the solute divided by its gram molecular weight

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23
Q

How to find the molecular weight of a compound?

A

the sum of the atomic weights of all the elements in the compound

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24
Q

How to find the amount of grams to make a molar solution?

A

M= (g / gmw) / L; g= (M x L) gmw

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25
Q

How would you prepare a molar solution of a compound?

A

Weigh the amount of grams needed of that compound for the amount of moles needed in the solution, place it into 1L of water in a volumetric flask, let the grams dissolve, fill the rest of the flask with water until qs

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26
Q

Normality accounts for how many ____ per liter

A

equivalent weights

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27
Q

Molarity accounts for how many ____ per liter

A

moles

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28
Q

When do you deal with valences?

A

when dealing with normality

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29
Q

What are valences?

A

the number of electrons an atom can lose or gain

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30
Q

Whats the formula to convert temperatures to Kelvin?

A

C + 273.15

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31
Q

Whats the formula to convert temperatures to Farenheit?

A

°F=(1.8 x°C) + 32

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32
Q

Whats the formula to convert temperatures to Celsius?

A

°C= (°F - 32 ) 5/9

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33
Q

Solute

A

any substance being dissolved into another substance

34
Q

Solvent

A

substance that dissolves solute to form solution

35
Q

Equivalence

A

point in titration at which the amount of titrant added is just enough to completely neutralize the analyte solution

36
Q

Whats the formula to solve concentration with Molality?

A

(g of solute / GMW of solute ) / kg of solvent

37
Q

Osmolarity

A

(number of particles in a solute) (molar concentration)

38
Q

% Solutions concentrations

A

(Mass of solute / volume of solution ) x 100

39
Q

Whats the formula to solve concentration with Molarity?

A

(grams of the compound/ gram molecular weight of the compound)/ Y in liters solution

40
Q

Procedure for preparing serial dilutions

A

determine the dilution and how many tubes needed, add 1 ml of solution to each tube and divide the concentration by the dilution factor

41
Q

Procedure for preparing multiple dilutions

A

move 1 ml to each tube and multiply the resulted concentration as you go to each tube 1/5, 1/2,1/4,1/5, 1/10

42
Q

How to calculate the concentration of a solution after mixture of solutions?

A

Divide by the factor

43
Q

Equivalent weight

A

the amount of replaceable H+ or OH − ion or charge for the element or compound

44
Q

Amount of valences in Al

A

+3

45
Q

Amount of valences in Ca

A

+2

46
Q

Amount of valences in C

A

+4 (most used), +2, -4

47
Q

Amount of valences in Cl

A

+7, +5, +3, +1, -1 (most used)

48
Q

Amount of valences in Cu

A

+2 ( most used), 1

49
Q

Amount of valences in H

A

+1, -1

50
Q

Amount of valences in I

A

+7, +5, +1, -1(most used)

51
Q

Amount of valences in Fe

A

+3, +2

52
Q

Amount of valences in Pb (lead)

A

+4, +2

53
Q

Amount of valences in Li (Lithium)

A

-1

54
Q

Amount of valences in Mg

A

+2

55
Q

Amount of valences in Mn (Manganese)

A

+2 (most used), +4, +7

56
Q

Amount of valences in Hg (mercury)

A

+2 (most used), +1

57
Q

Amount of valences in Mo (Molybdenum)

A

+6 (most used), +4, +3

58
Q

Amount of valences in Ni

A

+2

59
Q

Amount of valences in N

A

+5 ( most used), +4, +3, +2, +1, -3 ( most used)

60
Q

Amount of valences in O

A

-1, -2 ( most used)

61
Q

Amount of valences in P

A

+5 (most used), +3, -3

62
Q

Amount of valences in K

A

+1

63
Q

Amount of valences in Ag (silver)

A

+1

64
Q

Amount of valences in Na

A

+1

65
Q

Amount of valences in S

A

+6 (most used), +4, +2, -2 (most used)

66
Q

How to calculate gram equivalent weight?

A

GMW/Valence

67
Q

Compare ratio and dilution

A

1:2 ratio = 1 to 3 dilution

68
Q

Titre

A

the last diluted tube to get a positive reaction from a disease that is being tested

69
Q

Whats the formula to solve concentration with Normality?

A

( # g of solute / gram equivalent wgt ) / liters in solution

70
Q

formula for dilution factor

A

tv / sv

71
Q

How to find the original concentration of a serial diluted sample?

A

Multiply the dilution factor by the final diluted sample

72
Q

Whats the interconversion formula between molarity and normality?

A

Normality = Valence x Molarity

73
Q

number of equivalent weights

A

normality x volume (in L)

74
Q

Formula for % w/w

A

g of solute / 100 g of solution

75
Q

Formula for % w/v

A

g of solute / 100 ml of solution

76
Q

Formula for % v/v

A

ml of solute / 100 ml of solution

77
Q

convert % calculations to molarity

A

% w/v formula = X g / 1 L (1000ml) CROSSMULTIPLY; plug weight into molarity formula

78
Q

What is a 1 molal solution (1 mole of solute in 1 kg of solvent ) similar to?

A

1 molar solution ( 1 mole of solute per 1 L of solution)

79
Q

Will the mensicus of a molal solution be higher or lower than the molar solution?

A

Higher

80
Q

Whats another term of Normality?

A

Eq/L

CLT (6 decks)

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