Lab Exam 1 Flashcards
What is meant by Universal precautions/Standard Precautions?
Safety policies used for handling all biological specimens.
Give some examples of universal precautions
Hand hygiene, PPE, proper disposal of sharps and infectious waste, cleaning and disinfection
Examples of engineering controls
chemical fume hoods, splash guards and barriers
Most important means of preventing the spread of infection
Hand hygiene
Types of PPE
Gloves, gowns, facial barriers, goggles
What are the most significant blood borne pathogens that pose a threat to us as medical professionals?
Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, HIV
What do the initials RPM stand for?
Rotation per minute
What is meant by low actinic glassware?
Low actinic glassware is an amber colored glassware that protects fluid from light
What type of pipet is a micro-pipette classified as?
To contain (TC) pipette
What type of pipet would you use to add an amount of solvent to a lyophilized solute (mixture)?
A volumetric pipette
What type of water would you use to prepare a quality control (QC)?
Type 1 reagent water since it is the purest
Define urinalysis
The physical, chemical, and microscopic analysis of the urine
Urine is primarily composed of what two dissolves substances?
Salt & urea
What does the term “gross appearance” mean?
What does it look like
What is the gross appearance of spinal fluid?
Crystal clear
Which of the following characterizes a traumatic spinal tap?
Three sequentially collected tubes that are progressively less bloody, with the third being the clearest
Define Exudate
an effusion usually the result of an inflammatory process; fluid that leaks out of blood vessels into nearby tissues
How can you determine the magnification of a microscope?
objective magnification multiplied by the ocular magnification
How do you increase light in your microscope when viewing an image?
By moving the condenser up
Whats the difference between the coarse and fine adjustments?
Coarse adjustment is used to find the specimen to gain a fast and rough picture while the fine adjustment is used during the higher power lens to look close and gain a more detailed picture
Function of iris diaphragm
Regulates how much light is being viewed on the object
Function of condenser
Focuses the light onto the object
Define “ Resolving power”
The limit of usable magnification with numerical aperture (NA) as the measurement
What are the three basic pieces of volumetric glassware?
volumetric flasks, graduated measuring cylinders, and pipettes
Define reagent
a solution used for performing a chemical test
How is volumetric glassware calibrated?
By using an analytical balance
What are engineering controls?
Any device that is used to prevent contact with or exposure to the hazard
Which glassware have trademarks?
beakers and flasks
What are the 3 types of pipettes?
Volumetric (transfer), graduated (measuring), serologic (calibrated to tip)
TD Pipettes
Calibrated to deliver
TC pipettes
calibrated to contain
Blowout pipettes
calibrated to deliver but last drop must be blown out
Describe technique to use for manual pipette?
Mechanical suction, wipe off outside, adjust meniscus, drain in TC container
What is the importance of deionized and distilled water when preparing solutions & reagants?
because it is readily available and similar in viscosity and speed of drainage to the solutions and reagents used in the clinical laboratory
How to prepare properly balanced centrifuge?
Place samples across form each other, set RPM and time
Specialized pipettes
micropipette, self filling, capillary
Are micropipettes TD or TC?
To contain which is why when delivering, it needs to be rinsed out to remove all contents
All glassware have what?
At least 1 calibration or graduation mark
What is a feathered edge on a slide?
the thin region of the smear where the cells are spread out amongst large empty spaces
What is the working distance of a microscope?
The space between the microscopes objective lens and the specimen on the surface
When the working distance decreases, the magnification of the objective lens _______
Increases
Define CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear sterile fluid that circulates in the brain and spinal cord
Physical properties of urine
volume, color, odor, transparency, specific gravity
What is used for chemical testing urine?
Reagent strip tests for PH, blood, protein, nitrate (uti), glucose, WBC, ketones (insulin), liver function
What is specific gravity?
The density of a solution or substance compared to water (will it sink or float in water)
How many mL of CSF does adults have?
90-150
How to measure the absorbance of an unknown sample?
Use a spectrophotometer
Explain Beers Law
The more concentrated a liquid, the more light it will absorb but if the liquid is naturally better at absorbing light, it will absorb more light despite the concentration.
Whats the equation to use for Beers Law?
Absorption = molar absorptivity (e) x path length of curvette (1 cm usually) (l) x concentration of the substance (mol) (c)
How to solve for concentration using Beers Law?
c= A/e x l
