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CLT > Lab Exam 1 > Flashcards

Lab Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by Universal precautions/Standard Precautions?

A

Safety policies used for handling all biological specimens.

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2
Q

Give some examples of universal precautions

A

Hand hygiene, PPE, proper disposal of sharps and infectious waste, cleaning and disinfection

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3
Q

Examples of engineering controls

A

chemical fume hoods, splash guards and barriers

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4
Q

Most important means of preventing the spread of infection

A

Hand hygiene

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5
Q

Types of PPE

A

Gloves, gowns, facial barriers, goggles

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6
Q

What are the most significant blood borne pathogens that pose a threat to us as medical professionals?

A

Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, HIV

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7
Q

What do the initials RPM stand for?

A

Rotation per minute

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8
Q

What is meant by low actinic glassware?

A

Low actinic glassware is an amber colored glassware that protects fluid from light

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9
Q

What type of pipet is a micro-pipette classified as?

A

To contain (TC) pipette

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10
Q

What type of pipet would you use to add an amount of solvent to a lyophilized solute (mixture)?

A

A volumetric pipette

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11
Q

What type of water would you use to prepare a quality control (QC)?

A

Type 1 reagent water since it is the purest

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12
Q

Define urinalysis

A

The physical, chemical, and microscopic analysis of the urine

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13
Q

Urine is primarily composed of what two dissolves substances?

A

Salt & urea

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14
Q

What does the term “gross appearance” mean?

A

What does it look like

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15
Q

What is the gross appearance of spinal fluid?

A

Crystal clear

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16
Q

Which of the following characterizes a traumatic spinal tap?

A

Three sequentially collected tubes that are progressively less bloody, with the third being the clearest

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17
Q

Define Exudate

A

an effusion usually the result of an inflammatory process; fluid that leaks out of blood vessels into nearby tissues

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18
Q

How can you determine the magnification of a microscope?

A

objective magnification multiplied by the ocular magnification

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19
Q

How do you increase light in your microscope when viewing an image?

A

By moving the condenser up

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20
Q

Whats the difference between the coarse and fine adjustments?

A

Coarse adjustment is used to find the specimen to gain a fast and rough picture while the fine adjustment is used during the higher power lens to look close and gain a more detailed picture

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21
Q

Function of iris diaphragm

A

Regulates how much light is being viewed on the object

22
Q

Function of condenser

A

Focuses the light onto the object

23
Q

Define “ Resolving power”

A

The limit of usable magnification with numerical aperture (NA) as the measurement

24
Q

What are the three basic pieces of volumetric glassware?

A

volumetric flasks, graduated measuring cylinders, and pipettes

25
Q

Define reagent

A

a solution used for performing a chemical test

26
Q

How is volumetric glassware calibrated?

A

By using an analytical balance

27
Q

What are engineering controls?

A

Any device that is used to prevent contact with or exposure to the hazard

28
Q

Which glassware have trademarks?

A

beakers and flasks

29
Q

What are the 3 types of pipettes?

A

Volumetric (transfer), graduated (measuring), serologic (calibrated to tip)

30
Q

TD Pipettes

A

Calibrated to deliver

31
Q

TC pipettes

A

calibrated to contain

32
Q

Blowout pipettes

A

calibrated to deliver but last drop must be blown out

33
Q

Describe technique to use for manual pipette?

A

Mechanical suction, wipe off outside, adjust meniscus, drain in TC container

34
Q

What is the importance of deionized and distilled water when preparing solutions & reagants?

A

because it is readily available and similar in viscosity and speed of drainage to the solutions and reagents used in the clinical laboratory

35
Q

How to prepare properly balanced centrifuge?

A

Place samples across form each other, set RPM and time

36
Q

Specialized pipettes

A

micropipette, self filling, capillary

37
Q

Are micropipettes TD or TC?

A

To contain which is why when delivering, it needs to be rinsed out to remove all contents

38
Q

All glassware have what?

A

At least 1 calibration or graduation mark

39
Q

What is a feathered edge on a slide?

A

the thin region of the smear where the cells are spread out amongst large empty spaces

40
Q

What is the working distance of a microscope?

A

The space between the microscopes objective lens and the specimen on the surface

41
Q

When the working distance decreases, the magnification of the objective lens _______

A

Increases

42
Q

Define CSF

A

Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear sterile fluid that circulates in the brain and spinal cord

43
Q

Physical properties of urine

A

volume, color, odor, transparency, specific gravity

44
Q

What is used for chemical testing urine?

A

Reagent strip tests for PH, blood, protein, nitrate (uti), glucose, WBC, ketones (insulin), liver function

45
Q

What is specific gravity?

A

The density of a solution or substance compared to water (will it sink or float in water)

46
Q

How many mL of CSF does adults have?

A

90-150

47
Q

How to measure the absorbance of an unknown sample?

A

Use a spectrophotometer

48
Q

Explain Beers Law

A

The more concentrated a liquid, the more light it will absorb but if the liquid is naturally better at absorbing light, it will absorb more light despite the concentration.

49
Q

Whats the equation to use for Beers Law?

A

Absorption = molar absorptivity (e) x path length of curvette (1 cm usually) (l) x concentration of the substance (mol) (c)

50
Q

How to solve for concentration using Beers Law?

A

c= A/e x l

CLT (6 decks)

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