Lecture: Echo Assessment Mitral Valve Exam #1 Flashcards
increased stress on the MV apparatus causes disease. diseases fall under either one of these 2 categories:
the disease will either be:
1. condition that elevates LV systolic pressure
- condition that causes abnormal mitral motion
thromboembolic event also known as a
stroke
a patient’s heart rhythm goes into a fib, putting her at risk for an embolic event… the patient has an enlarged left atrium, which puts her at at risk for a blood clot (embolus and stroke to follow if not taken care of). The left atrial enlargement could have been caused by what?
Mitral Annular Calcification (MAC)
Calcific emboli from a MAC lesion can cause what
a thromboembolic event (stroke)
In SAX, MAC may be focal, extensive, or BOTH?
BOTH
symptoms:
MAC extended to base of leaflets
Motion of leaflets impaired
Narrowed diastolic flow area
Leaflet tips are thin and mobile
This is either rheumatic heart disease or Calcific Mitral Stenosis. What info from above allows you to correctly determine what disease it most likely is
Both diseases are similar, but the fact that the leaflets are THIN AND MOBILE still, point out that this is CALCIFIC MITRAL STENOSIS.
What disease can mimic other diseases (from this powerpoint)
MAC can mimic
mitral stenosis
pericardial effusion
masses
what are some examples of hemodynamic changes
regurgitation (acute or chronic)
stenosis
shunts (intracardiac)
regurgitation can lead to
congestive heart failure
A subacute (vs acute) is only an accurate diagnosis if the SOURCE of the infection (infective endocarditis) is…
BACTERIA
Patient is complaining of:
low grade fever
fatigue
weight loss
cough
weakness
could be….
SUBACUTE infective endocarditis!
This type of infection usually has a negative blood culture
Fungal infection
define “idiopathic”
relating to or denoting any disease or condition which arises spontaneously or for which the cause is unknown.
which disease process is idiopathic
MAC
Mitral Annular Calcification
arterial hypertension means the same thing as SYSTEMIC hypertension true or false
TRUE
2 causes of embolism can be caused by MAC
- MAC can cause LAE - that leads to atrial fibrillation - that leads to embolic event
- MAC lesion can form calcific emboli
patient has a high fever and a heart murmur has suddenly developed in a week - what might this be
ACUTE infective endocarditis
symptoms SUBACUTE endocarditis
low-grade fever, fatigue, cough, weight loss, weakness
what percentage of the time are blood cultures accurate?
95%
what will make blood cultures unreliable?
antibiotics
true or false patients WITH an infection and WITHOUT an infection can BOTH have vegetations?
TRUE
a vegetation in a patient without infection is called a “healed vegetation”
healed OR infected veggies are smaller and more echogenic
healed (more calcium, fibrosis)
a larger veggie or a smaller veggie has a greater chance of embolization
LARGER
valve destruction from veggies usually results in
valvular regurgitation