Cardiomyopathies Exam #4 Questions Flashcards
angina is more common in this cardiomyopathy although it exists in both
more common in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy than in Dilated
Auscultation for DCMP
muffled heart sound, accentuated pulmonic component of S2, S4, and S3 gallop or summation gallop. MR or TR murmur (when annulus is dilated)
An athlete may have what’s called athletes heart. This could be confused with a type of cardiomyopathy. Which one?
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)
In what cardiomyopathy is thrombus common?
Dilated
Treatment for dilated cardiomyopathy
weight reduction
sodium restriction
absence from alcohol/tobacco
diuretics
vasodilators
anticoagulants
antiarrhythmias
cardiac transplant
2 types of surgical techniques for heart transplant (DCMP)
orthotopic: donor heart replaces patient’s heart
heterotopic: donor is placed alongside patient’s heart - 2 HEARTS!
Heart transplant rejection signs
increasing wall thickness >4mm (IVS and LVPW)
increased myocardial echogenicity
increase pericardial effusion
decrease of 10% or more: EF
20% decrease or more in PHT @ MV
20% decrease in IVRT
What is IVRT
time it takes LV to relax before the MV opens
What does IVRT stand for
Takosubo aka (4)
apical ballooning syndrome
ampulla cardiomyopathy
stress cardiomyopathy
broken heart syndrome
Takosubo characterized by
Reversible LV function
Absence of coronary disease and myocardial infarcts
associated with emotional distress
Elevation of serum markers like CK, CK-MB and troponin
affects females more
97% recovery
restrictive cardiomyopathy associated with elevation in MULTIPLE pressures
elevated ventricular diastolic pressures AND increased atrial pressure
This type of cardiomyopathy includes myocardial fibrosis and Loefler’s cardiomyopathy
Restrictive cardiomyopathy (infiltrative)
Cavity obliteration of LV is seen in advanced cases of this cardiomyopathy
Restrictive
Sudden death is an outcome for this type of cardiomyopathy
Restrictive
EKG shows complete heart block… this might be what cardiomyopathy
Restrictive
What is an echo feature seen in restrictive cardiomyopathy that can distinguish the patient from having constrictive pericarditis?
abrupt elevation of early diastolic pressures at rest and with exercise
respiratory variation on E and A velocities through MV and TV during first beat of inspiration and expiration
most common cause of infiltrative (restrictive) cardiomyopathy is what
AMYLOIDOSIS
infiltrative cardiomyopathy amyloidosis, what is
multiple valve thickening
small lv cavity
wall hypokinesis
pericardial effusion
Other cardiomyopathies
ARVD
arrhythmogenic RV dysplasia
-genetic
-caused by fatty infiltrative process involving RV free wall (poorly contracting RV)
Isolated LV noncompaction
-congenital
-trabeculations in LV myocardium with deep spaces due to compaction of LV wall
primary hemodynamic problem with HCM (2)
- Sub aortic obstructions
- LV diastolic dysfunction
