Lecture - Child Development Flashcards
How is gross motor development acquired?
Cranial to caudal
How many children walk by year 1?
50%
What is the red flag for walking?
If child does not walk by 18 months
Which are signs for possible late walkers?
Bottom shufflers
Commando crawlers
Name the primitive reflexes
Rooting Moro Sucking and swallowing Grasp Placing Stepping Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR) Look for asymmetry
Absence, especially of sucking and swallowing suggests mal-development or brain injury
What may be indicated by persistence of some of the primitive reflexes beyond 6/12?
Cerebral Palsy
What is the rooting reflex?
Stroking the baby’s cheek results in the head and mouth moving towards the stimulus (useful in breastfeeding)
What is the moro reflex?
Legs and head extend, arms jerk up, palms up and thumbs flexed in response to a shift in head position.
What is the ATNR?
Tilting the head to one side results in extending the arm where the head is pointing and flexing the other.
At which age do children generally run?
2 years
At which age do children learn to jump
3 years
By which age can children stand on 1 leg?
4 years
What is hand regard and by which age can most children do it?
Baby is lying supine and watching its hands
3 months
At which age is palmar grasp to be expected?
5 months
What is passing block and at which age can it be expected?
Pass block or toy between hands
6 months
At what age is pincer grip present?
12 months
At what age do children usually start to scribble?
2 years
What can 3 year old babies draw?
Copy vertical lines
What can 4 year olds copy?
A cross
What can 5 year olds draw?
Triangle
What are the components of speech and language development?
Expressive: identify things, indicate wants and needs, talk about interests
Receptive:
Ability to understand language in the form of instructions etc
Describe what expressive language milestones a <1 year old goes through
Newborns cry and startle
3 months - coos, boos, laughs
10 months - dada, mama
12 months - single words,2,3 more words
What expressive language development do 2-5 year olds go through?
2 - putting words together
3 - 3 to 4 word sentences
4 - name 4 colours
5 years counting
What are the big behavioral milestones?
Smiling 6 weeks
Feeding self at 6 months
1 year - drinking from cup
Undress then dress
What are the domain milestones in a 6 months old
Gross motor:
Sit with no support
Fine motor:
Pass block between hands
Language: Single syllable (aa-aa, coos, laugh)
Social:
feed self
What are the domain milestones in a 1 year old
Gross motor:
Stand independently
Fine motor:
Pincer grip
Language:
responds to name, says mama/dada
Social:
drinks from cup using 2 hands
What are the domain milestones in a 2 year old
Gross motor:
Run
Fine motor:
scribble
Language:
2 word sentences (“want drink”)
Social:
Remove a garment (e.g. shirt)
What are the domain milestones in a 3 year old
Gross motor:
Jump up
Fine motor:
copy a vertical line
Language:
Speaks in 3-4 word sentences
Social:
Put on a T shirt
What are the domain milestones in a 4 year old
Gross motor:
Stands on each foot for 3 seconds
Fine motor:
Copy a cross
Language:
name 4 colours
Social:
Can dress independently
What are the domain milestones in a 5 year old
Gross:
walk heel to toe
Fine:
Draw a person with 6 parts
Language:
Speech all understandable and counts up to 5
Social:
Plays board games/brush teeth independently
