Lecture - Child Development

Question 1

How is gross motor development acquired?

Answer 1

Cranial to caudal

Question 2

How many children walk by year 1?

Answer 2

50%

Question 3

What is the red flag for walking?

Answer 3

If child does not walk by 18 months

Question 4

Which are signs for possible late walkers?

Answer 4

Bottom shufflers

Commando crawlers

Question 5

Name the primitive reflexes

Answer 5

Rooting
Moro
Sucking and swallowing
Grasp
Placing
Stepping
Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR)
Look for asymmetry

Absence, especially of sucking and swallowing suggests mal-development or brain injury

Question 6

What may be indicated by persistence of some of the primitive reflexes beyond 6/12?

Answer 6

Cerebral Palsy

Question 7

What is the rooting reflex?

Answer 7

Stroking the baby’s cheek results in the head and mouth moving towards the stimulus (useful in breastfeeding)

Question 8

What is the moro reflex?

Answer 8

Legs and head extend, arms jerk up, palms up and thumbs flexed in response to a shift in head position.

Question 9

What is the ATNR?

Answer 9

Tilting the head to one side results in extending the arm where the head is pointing and flexing the other.

Question 10

At which age do children generally run?

Answer 10

2 years

Question 11

At which age do children learn to jump

Answer 11

3 years

Question 12

By which age can children stand on 1 leg?

Answer 12

4 years

Question 13

What is hand regard and by which age can most children do it?

Answer 13

Baby is lying supine and watching its hands

3 months

Question 14

At which age is palmar grasp to be expected?

Answer 14

5 months

Question 15

What is passing block and at which age can it be expected?

Answer 15

Pass block or toy between hands

6 months

Question 16

At what age is pincer grip present?

Answer 16

12 months

Question 17

At what age do children usually start to scribble?

Answer 17

2 years

Question 18

What can 3 year old babies draw?

Answer 18

Copy vertical lines

Question 19

What can 4 year olds copy?

Answer 19

A cross

Question 20

What can 5 year olds draw?

Answer 20

Triangle

Question 21

What are the components of speech and language development?

Answer 21

Expressive: identify things, indicate wants and needs, talk about interests

Receptive:
Ability to understand language in the form of instructions etc

Question 22

Describe what expressive language milestones a <1 year old goes through

Answer 22

Newborns cry and startle
3 months - coos, boos, laughs
10 months - dada, mama
12 months - single words,2,3 more words

Question 23

What expressive language development do 2-5 year olds go through?

Answer 23

2 - putting words together
3 - 3 to 4 word sentences
4 - name 4 colours
5 years counting

Question 24

What are the big behavioral milestones?

Answer 24

Smiling 6 weeks
Feeding self at 6 months
1 year - drinking from cup
Undress then dress

Question 25

What are the domain milestones in a 6 months old

Answer 25

Gross motor: Sit with no support Fine motor: Pass block between hands ``` Language: Single syllable (aa-aa, coos, laugh) ``` Social: feed self

Question 26

What are the domain milestones in a 1 year old

Answer 26

Gross motor: Stand independently Fine motor: Pincer grip Language: responds to name, says mama/dada Social: drinks from cup using 2 hands

Question 27

What are the domain milestones in a 2 year old

Answer 27

Gross motor: Run Fine motor: scribble Language: 2 word sentences ("want drink") Social: Remove a garment (e.g. shirt)

Question 28

What are the domain milestones in a 3 year old

Answer 28

Gross motor: Jump up Fine motor: copy a vertical line Language: Speaks in 3-4 word sentences Social: Put on a T shirt

Question 29

What are the domain milestones in a 4 year old

Answer 29

Gross motor: Stands on each foot for 3 seconds Fine motor: Copy a cross Language: name 4 colours Social: Can dress independently

Question 30

What are the domain milestones in a 5 year old

Answer 30

Gross: walk heel to toe Fine: Draw a person with 6 parts Language: Speech all understandable and counts up to 5 Social: Plays board games/brush teeth independently