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Bacteriology > Lecture (bacterial Pathogenecity) > Flashcards

Lecture (bacterial Pathogenecity) Flashcards

1
Q

Give examples of obligate intracellular parasite

A

Mycoplasma, chlamydia, rickettsia

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2
Q

What are the 3 links in the chain of transmission of communicable diseases?

A

Reservoir
Mode of transmission
Pathogenicity

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3
Q

It refers to any human being, animal, plant, soil or inanimate matter in which parasite lives, multiplies and depends for its survival

A

Reservoir

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4
Q

Organisms of normal flora that are usually non pathogenic but occasionally behave as pathogens outside their habitat

A

Endogenous sources (of infection)

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5
Q

It is the most common source of infection

A

Man

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6
Q

It is the person that harbours the pathogenic microorganism without suffering from its ill effects

A

Carrier

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7
Q

Harbors the pathogen but never suffered from the disease caused by a particular pathogen

A

Healthy carrier

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8
Q

One who has recovered from the disease but continues to harbor the pathogen in his body

A

Covalescent carrier

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9
Q

Carrier state that lasts for about 6 months

A

Temporary carrier

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10
Q

Harbors the pathogen for several years and sometimes for the rest of one’s life

A

Chronic carrier

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11
Q

A person who acquires the pathogen from another carrier

A

Paradoxical carrier

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12
Q

One who acquires the pathogen from a patient

A

Contact carrier

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13
Q

Infectious diseases transmitted from animals to man are called

A

Zoonoses

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14
Q

Causes bovine tuberculosis

A

Mycobacterium bovis

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15
Q

A type of TB that affects animals like cattle and can be transmitted to humans

A

Bovine tuberculosis

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16
Q

A vector-borne disease that is transmitted by sandflies and caused by obligate intracellular protozoa of a certain genus

A

Leishmaniasis

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17
Q

carry the organisms on their wings, legs, and body
e.g., transmission of typhoid bacilli to man via food by domestic fly

A

Mechanical vectors

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18
Q

pathogen multiplies in the body of vectors
e.g., female anopheles mosquito in malarial parasite

A

Biological vectors

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19
Q

the time it takes for malaria parasites to develop within a mosquito, and become transmissible

A

Extrinsic incubation period

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20
Q

from mother to child
also known as vertical transmission
e.g., rubella virus, toxoplasma, CMV

A

Transplacental transmission

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21
Q

transmitted during lab and surgical procedures such as lumbar puncture, blood transfusion, dialysis, and surgery
e.g., AIDS and Hepatitis B

A

Iatrogenic infection

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22
Q

enhancement of virulence of a strain

A

Exaltation

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23
Q

reduction of virulence of a strain

A

Attenuation

24
Q

reaction between surface receptors on epithelial cells and adhesins (pili and fimbriae) on bacteria
prevents bacteria from being flushed away
assures delivery of toxin in high conc. directly to host cells
helps in penetration of host cells

A

Adhesion

25
Q

ability to spread within the host tissue after establishing infection

A

Invasiveness

26
Q

highly invasive pathogens (e.g., streptococcal infections) produce what type of lesions?

A

Generalised lesions

27
Q

less invasive pathogens (e.g., staphylococcal abscess) cause what type of lesions

A

Localised lesions

28
Q

enhances virulence by preventing phagocytosis

A

Capsule

29
Q
  • major virulence factor for group A streptococci (Streptococcus pyogenes)
  • binds fibrinogen and fibrin to bacterial cell wall masking bacterial receptors from recognition by the host immune system
A

Streptococcal M protein

30
Q

interfere with chemotaxis or kill the phagocyte

A

Cytotoxin

31
Q
  • interfere w/ proper synaptic transmissions in neurons
  • e.g., botulinum toxin
A

Neurotoxin

32
Q

inhibit specific cellular activities such as protein synthesis

A

Cytotoxin

33
Q
  • interfere w/ water reabsorption in the large intestine
  • irritate the lining of the GI tract
  • e.g., toxic shock syndrome toxic
    (TSST-1) produced by S. aureus
A

Enterotoxins

34
Q
  • forms fibrin clot around bacteria and prevents phagocytosis
  • e.g., Staphylococcus spp
A

Coagulase

35
Q
  • dissolves fibrin clot
  • e.g., Streptococcus spp
A

Streptokinase

36
Q
  • breaks down hyaluronic acid
  • e.g., Streptococcus spp
A

Hyaluronidase

37
Q
  • breaks down collagen in connective tissue
  • e.g., Clostridium perfringens
A

Collagenase

38
Q

● microbes capable of causing host damage
● when damage reaches a certain threshold, it manifests itself as a disease

A

Pathogens

39
Q

the ability to cause disease by overcoming the defenses of the host

A

Pathogenicity

40
Q

the degree or extent of pathogenicity

A

Virulence

41
Q

● various traits or features that allow or enhance the microorganism’s ability to cause disease
○ e.g., adhesion organelles, toxin production, evasion, antibiotic resistance

A

Virulence factors

42
Q

● attachment
● necessary step in pathogenicity
● accomplished by means of adhesins (glycoproteins or lipoproteins) or ligands

A

Adherence

43
Q

used by Gram-positive organisms (e.g., Streptococcus pyogenes) to bind to epithelial cells

A

Lipoteichoic acid

44
Q

used by S. mutans to attach to the surface of teeth

A

Glycocalyx

45
Q

are surface proteins that helps bacteria tightly adhere to epithelial cells

A

Invasins

46
Q

breaks down collagen in connective tissue

A

Collagenase

47
Q

breaks down hyaluronic acid that hold cells together

A

Hyaluronidase

48
Q

converts fibrinogen to fibrin producing a clot

A

Coagulase

49
Q

break down clots decreasing the isolation of bacteria in clots (spreading effect)

A

Kinases

50
Q

produced inside the bacteria as part of growth and metabolism and released into the surrounding medium

A

Exotoxins

51
Q

target the nervous system and interferes with normal nerve impulse transmission
○ e.g., C. tetani, C. botulinum

A

Neurotoxin

52
Q

● affect cells lining the GI tract
○ e.g., V. cholerae, C. difficile

A

Enterotoxins

53
Q

● produces AB exotoxin
● Gram-positive rod
● significant cause of mortality until
1950s
● common loc.: upper respiratory tract

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

54
Q

● produces AB exotoxin
● prod. irreversible muscle relaxation
● flaccid paralysis
● anaerobic Gram-positive rod
● ingested in contaminated food
● does not involve fever or sepsis
● patients die of paralysis and
respiratory failure

A

Clostridium botulinum

55
Q

Endo

A

Bacteriology (4 decks)

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