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Bacteriology > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

differentiates bacteria into two major groups: gram-positive and gram-negative

A

gram staining (differential staining)

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2
Q

gram - bacteria that causes meningitis

A

neisseria meningitides

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3
Q

gram + bacteria that causes actinomycosis

A

actinomyces spp

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4
Q

what type of energy-capturing metabolism do photosynthetic bacteria such as green sulfur, purple sulfur, cyanobacteria, and algae utilize?

A

photoautotrophs

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5
Q

gram + bacteria that causes tuberculosis

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis

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6
Q

gram - bacteria that causes chlamydia

A

chlamydia trachomatis

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7
Q

Substance that fixes a stain or dye

A

mordant (iodine)

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8
Q

They rely entirely on organic molecules for both energy and carbon. They obtain energy by oxidizing chemical compounds (usually organic)

A

chemoheterotrophs

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9
Q

gram + bacteria that causes listeriosis associated with foodborne infections

A

listeria monocytogenes

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10
Q

gram - bacteria that causes gonorrhea

A

neisseria gonorrhoeae

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11
Q

true or false: most spore-forming bacteria are Gram-negative

A

false. most spore-forming bacteria are Gram-positive

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12
Q

most spore-forming bacteria belong to these two main genera

A

bacillus and clostridium

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13
Q

type of staining where the dye stains the background rather than the bacterial cells

A

negative staining

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14
Q

gram - bacteria that causes respiratory and wound infections (commonly nosocomial)

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

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15
Q
A
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16
Q

gram - bacteria that causes dysentery

A

shigella spp

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17
Q
A
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18
Q

gram + bacteria that causes anthrax

A

bacillus anthracis

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19
Q

gram + bacteria that causes tetanus (pin shaped)

A

clostridium tetani

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20
Q

gram - bacteria that causes peptic ulcers

A

helicobacter pylori

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21
Q

give examples of basic dyes

A

cv, methylene blue, safranin, malachite green

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22
Q

Identifies acid-fast bacteria, especially Mycobacterium species

A

acid-fast staining or ziehl-neelsen staining (differential staining)

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23
Q

Obtain energy from chemical compounds

A

chemotrophs

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24
Q

Oval bacterium that is intermediate between the coccus and bacillus forms

A

coccobacillus

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25
Q

it is the transfer of genetic material, typically a plasmid, between two bacteria through direct cell-to-cell contact

A

conjugation

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26
Q

what type of energy-capturing metabolism do purple nonsulfur bacteria and green nonsulfur bacteria utilize?

A

photoheterotrophs

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27
Q

gram - bacteria that causes cholera

A

vibrio cholerae

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28
Q

negative stain to visualize capsule

A

india ink

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29
Q

gram - bacteria that causes syphilis

A

treponema pallidum

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30
Q

what type of dye is used in positive staining

A

basic dye (positively charged) that binds to negatively charged components of bacterial cells

31
Q

what is the primary stain used in schaeffer-fulton method or endospore staining

A

malachite green

32
Q

flagella distributed over the entire surface

A

peritrichous

33
Q

what type of energy-capturing metabolism do iron, sulfur, h, and nitrifying bacteria (and some archaeobacteria) utilize?

A

chemoautotrophs

34
Q

A cluster of flagella at one or both ends

A

lophotrichous

35
Q

what type of dye is used in negative staining

A

acidic dye (negatively charged) which is repelled by negatively charged bacterial cell surfaces

36
Q

Detects bacterial endospores, which are resistant structures formed by some bacteria like Bacillus and Clostridium spp

A

endospore staining or schaeffer-fulton (special staining)

37
Q

gram + bacteria that causes UTI

A

enterococcus species

38
Q

gram + bacteria that causes diphtheria

A

corynebacterium diphtheriae

39
Q

Obtain carbon from inorganic sources like carbon dioxide (CO₂). They can convert CO₂ into organic compounds.

A

autotrophs

40
Q

gram + bacteria that causes botulism

A

clostridium botulinum

41
Q

what is the primary stain used in acid-fast staining

A

carbol fuschin

42
Q

gram + bacteria that causes leprosy

A

mycobacterium leprae

43
Q

They use light as their primary energy source, but they cannot use carbon dioxide (CO₂) as their sole carbon source. Instead, they require organic compounds to satisfy their carbon needs

A

photoheterotrophs

44
Q

Colored dye, usually purple that impairs its color to all cell

A

primary stain (crystal violet)

45
Q

gram + bacteria that causes food poisoning

A

bacillus cereus

46
Q

what type of energy-capturing metabolism do most bacteria, all protozoans, all fungi, and all animals (including humans) utilize?

A

chemoheterotrophs

47
Q

Obtain carbon from organic compounds (e.g., glucose, proteins, fats)

A

heterotrophs

48
Q

gram + bacteria that causes skin infections

A

staphylococcus aureus

49
Q

it is the process by which bacteria take up free DNA from their environment and incorporate it into their own genome

A

transformation

50
Q

a stain that is extremely helpful in identification in diseases such as tuberculosis and leprosy

A

acid-fast stain

51
Q

gram - bacteria that causes lyme disease

A

borrelia burgdorferi

52
Q

gram - bacteria that causes typhoid fever, gastroenteritis

A

salmonella spp

53
Q

gram - bacteria that causes pneumonia

A

klebsiella pneumoniae

54
Q

gram - bacteria that causes UTI, gastroenteritis, and sepsis

A

eschericia coli

55
Q

gram + bacteria that is part of the normal skin flora and associated with infections on indwelling devices (e.g., catheters, pacemakers)

A

staphylococcus epidermidis

56
Q

Obtain energy from light through photosynthesis

A

phototrophs

57
Q

gram - bacteria that causes rocky mountain spotted fever

A

rickettsia rickettsii

58
Q

Stain with a contrasting color to the primary stain.

A

counterstain (safranin)

59
Q

gram - bacteria that causes whooping cough

A

bordetella pertussis

60
Q

Single flagellum at one end

A

monotrichous

61
Q

gram + bacteria that causes strep throat, scarlet fever, and rheumatic fever

A

streptococcus pyogenes

62
Q

the dye adheres directly to the bacterial cells or specific cellular structures, staining them and making them visible against a lighter or clear background

A

positive staining

63
Q

one flagellum at each end

A

amphitrichous

64
Q

it is the aggregate of microorganisms that reside on the surface and in deep layers of skin, saliva, oral mucosa, conjunctiva, an in the gastrointestinal tracts

A

human microbiome or microbiota

65
Q

number of microbes in the average adult

A

1,500 trillion microbes

66
Q

A type of symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit from the interaction

A

mutualism

67
Q

A relationship where one organism benefits, and the other organism is neither helped nor harmed

A

commensalism

68
Q

true or false: we have no commensalistic relationships with bacteria

A

true

69
Q

Microorganisms that normally do not cause disease in healthy individuals but can exploit weakened immune systems or other favorable conditions to cause illness

A

opportunistic pathogens

70
Q

microbes that are always present

A

resident flora

71
Q

microbes that live in or on your body for a period of time then move on or die off

A

transient flora

72
Q

they constitute a protective host defense mechanism by occupying ecological niches

A

normal flora

73
Q
A

Bacteriology (4 decks)

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