Lecture Anxiety Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
Separation Anxiety Disorder
A
Found in children
- Non-age appropriate and excessive anxiety of going away from home or leaving attachment figures
- Excessive worry that caregivers may be harmed
- Persistent refusal to go anywhere that could cause separation - Often have recurrent nightmares about separation
- Recurrent physical complaints when not in close proximity to attachment figures
- E.g. when you leave the home, a child gets upset - Without SAD, child is easy to comfort
2
Q
Specific phobia
A
- Fear of one specific animal, natural environment, blood-injection-injury. Situational, other. (5 categories)
75% of people that have a phobia also have another one present
- Fear of needles, heights, flying, etc. - A marked, intense fear/anxiety of a specific object or situation that substantially interferes with the person’s ability to function
- Phobic object almost always evokes immediate and persistent fear/anxiety
- Anticipation of a negative event can also cause anxiety
- Phobic object is actively avoided or endured with intense fear/anxiety
- Fear/anxiety is out of proportion (irrational)
- Persistent > 6 months
- Not better explained by another disorder
- 7.4 % lifetime prevalence
- Young age of onset (8 y/o)
- 60% has at least 1 comorbid disorder
- Often suffered for many years
- Not always overt anxiety - Recognize excessiveness of their fear reaction
- But not of actual danger - PHOBIA DEVELOPMENT
- Often difficult to recall reason for onset
- Following a traumatic event
- Being stuck in an elevator
- Informational transmission
- Your mom telling you you should be scared of dogs
- Observational Learning
- Your mom jumping on the couch to avoid a dog
3
Q
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
A
- Worrying about everything
- Often worried their worrying is out of control
- Involves multiple areas (school, work, money)
- DIAGNOSES
- Excessive anxiety and worry, occurring more days than not for at least 6 months about a number of events or activities
- Difficulty Controlling the worry
- Associated with 3 or more other symptoms
- 1. Clinically significant distress or impairment
- 2/3. Not attributable to medication, substance or other medical or mental disorder
- Prevalence 3%
- Age of onset 25-30
- But they report anxiety their whole lives
- Book says a significantly earlier onset
- 66% have a comorbid disorder - GAD vs Normal Worry?
- GAD is irrational and unsupported by true events
4
Q
Social Anxiety Disorder
A
- Very Common
- Marked fear/anxiety about one or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others
- Social interactions
- Being observed
- Performing in front of others - Individual fears he/she will act in a way or show anxiety symptoms that will be negatively evaluated
- Humiliating or embarrassing
- Leading to rejection or offending others - Social situations almost always provoke fear/anxiety
- Persistent for over 6 months
- Clinically significant stress
- Not attributable to substance/medication or other disorder
- Prevalence 2-5%
- Age of onset is 10-15 yrs
- Panic attacks may occur
5
Q
Panic disorder
A
- Recurrent unexpected panic attacks
- Attacks are followed by one month period or more of either/or
- Persistent worry about having additional attacks or their consequences
- Significant change in behavior because of the attacks - Not attributable to substance, medicine or other disorder
- Panic attack: Abrupt surge of intense fear or discomfort that reaches a peak within 10 minutes and during which time 4 or more of the following symptoms occur:
- (CANVAS LOL) - Prevalence 2-3%
- Age of onset: Early adulthood (20-24 y/o)
- A panic attack doesn’t mean panic disorder
- Great variety in severity and frequency of attacks
- Possible episodic outbreaks with years of remission in between
6
Q
Selective Mutism
A
- When a child shows consistent failure to speak in specific social situations in which there is an expectation for speaking, despite speaking in other situations
- Duration is 1 month long for diagnosis (not limited to the first month of school)
- The disturbance is bad for academics and social interaction
- Method of self-protection for anxiety
- May appear as coping - Not attributable to a lack of knowledge of, or comfort with, speaking
- The disturbance is not better explained by other disorders
- Often coexists with social anxiety disorder
- Not better explained by another disorder
- Early onset (2-4 years old)
- Often not diagnosed until children enter school
- 90% comorbidity with social anxiety disorder
7
Q
Agoraphobia
A
- Marked fear or anxiety for more than 6 months about two or more of the following 5 situations:
- Using public transportation
- Being in open spaces
- Being in enclosed spaces
- Standing in line or being in a crowd
- Being outside of the home alone - Situations are avoided/endured with intense fear
- Interferes with routine (duh) - 2% prevalence
- Onset is 17 years
- 30% of persons with agoraphobia have panic attacks or panic disorder
- Many fear social situations too
- Separate from panic disorder
- Unable to escape a situation is agoraphobia, fear of a situation itself is social anxiety
8
Q
OCD
A
- Obsessions or compulsions (most often both)
- Obsessions or compulsions are time-consuming (1 hour per day at least) or cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning
- Varying degree of insight
- Avoidance
- Obsessions: Persistent and recurrent intrusive thoughts, ideas, images or impulses
- Content; disturbing, offensive or irrational themes
- Related to uncertainty about frightening prospects
- Impression, religion, sex
- Causes severe distress and anxiety - Compulsions: Repetitive behaviors, rituals or mental acts
- Regarded as excessive or exaggerated (especially in calmer moments)
- If I don’t wash my hands, and hold a baby, the baby is gonna fucken die, so I gotta wash my hands a TON
- Refer to canvas for mental rituals and examples (SLIDE 32) - Prevalence: 1-2% of population
- Somewhat more women than men
- Age of onset: early teens/adolescence
