Lecture 97 - Sleep

Question 1

Medulla cells involved in Circadian Rhythm have a ___ second cycle involved with ______.

The Pons and Midbrain are involved in the control of REM and Non-REM sleep cycles which last about _____ minutes.

The Hypothalmic circadian rhythm exists for all homeostatic functions and runs about ____-____ hours.

Answer 1

3 second

Respiration

90 minutes

24-25 hours

Question 2

There is a group of neurons in the Posteriolateral Hypothalamus that secrete _______, which promotes wakefullness. These neurons have widespread connections throughout the brain.

There are neurons in the Anterior Hypothalamus that promote Sleep and are maximally active during _____ sleep. Increased body heat activates these neurons, along with ______ (competitively inhibited by caffeine) and Amino acids.

Answer 2

Orexin (hypocretin)

Non-REM sleep

Adenosine

Question 3

Rank the EEG Waveforms Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Theta in order from slowest to fastest.

Answer 3

Delta (0.5 - 3hz; deep sleep) < Theta (4 -7hz; Non-REM) < Alpha (8 - 13hz; wakefullness/REM - eyes closed) < Beta (14 - 90hz; wakefullness with eyes OPEN)

Question 4

EEG waveforms with corresponding sleep stages:

Stage 1: Loss of ____ waves; Central ____ waves present with vertex waves

Stage 2: Sleep ______ (high frequency waves)

Stage 3 and 4: ______ waves

REM Sleep: Saw tooth _____ waves.

Answer 4

Loss of Alpha

Central Theta

Sleep Spindles

Delta

Saw tooth Theta

Question 5

REM sleep depends on activation of _______ neurons and inhibition of the Raphe nucleus and Serotonin nucleus.

Answer 5

Cholinergic neurons

Question 6

______ (REM or Non-REM?) sleep is needed for energy conservation. Release of _______ hormones is highest in Stage 3 and 4 (necessary for protein synth).

_____ (REM or Non-REM?) sleep is when brain metabolic activity is highest. This stage is important for forming new memories and long term potentiation to reinforce new memories. Hippocampal ______ waves are seen in this stage.

Answer 6

Non-REM

Anabolic

REM

Hippocampal Theta waves

Question 7

Narcolepsy results from a mutation in the ______ (wakefullness neurotransmitter secreted by the hypothalamus) receptors.

Answer 7

Orexin (hypocretin)

Question 8

REM Behavioral DIsorder ocurrs when someone has increased muscle ______ during REM, so they can move and may end up hurting themselves. There is an association with REM Behavioral Disorder and future onset of Parkinson’s.

Answer 8

Tone