Lecture 9.1: Antimicrobial Agents Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is an Antimicrobial Agent?
Chemical that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms
Types of Antimicrobial Drugs (4)
• Antibacterials
• Antivirals
• Anti-retrovirals
• Antifungals
What is Chemotherapy?
Chemical based treatment for diseases caused by bacteria, other microorganisms, parasites, & tumour cells
What is an Antibiotic?
• Naturally occurring antimicrobials
• Chemical produced by a microorganism that kills/
inhibits the growth of bacteria
What is the concept of Ehrlich’s Magic Bullets?
• Selective Toxicity
• Drugs that specifically target microbial processes,
and not the human host cellular processes
What bacteria produce antibiotics? (2)
• Streptomyces
• Bacillus
What moulds produce antibiotics? (2)
• Penicillium
• Cephalosporium
Who discovered Penicillin? What produces it?
• Ian Fleming
• Produced by the mould Penicillium
chrysogenum
What is a Bacteriostatic Antibacterial Agent?
Biological or chemical agent that stops bacteria from reproducing, while not necessarily killing them otherwise
What is a Bactericidal Antibacterial Agent?
Biological or chemical agent that kills bacteria
What is a Bacteriolytic Antibacterial Agent?
What Factors are included in the Classification of Antibiotics? (3)
• Structure - Molecular Structure
• Spectrum of Activity
• Function or Mechanism of Action (how the
drug works)
What is similar with Antibiotics in the same Structural Class?
Antibiotics within a structural class usually show similar mode of action, spectrum of activity and toxicity
What is meant by the Antimicrobial Spectrum of Activity?
The scope that a drug kills or suppresses the growth of microorganisms
What is a Narrow-Spectrum Antimicrobial? Example?
• Drugs that act on a specific kind or strain of microbe
• E.g. isoniazid
What is a Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial? Examples?
• Drugs that have a wide antimicrobial scope
• E.g. tetracycline, chloramphenicol
What are the 5 Main Mechanisms of Action of Antibacterial Agents?
1) Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
2) Inhibition of protein synthesis
3) Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
4) Disruption of cell membrane function
5) Inhibition of metabolism (Antimetabolites)
Drugs that cause Inhibition of Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis (4)
• Penicillins
• Cephalosporins
• Bacitracin
• Vancomycin
Drugs that cause Inhibition of Protein Synthesis (4)
• Chloramphenicol
• Macrolides (Erythryomycin)
• Tetracyclines
• Aminoglycosides (Streptomycin)
Drugs that cause Inhibition of Nucleic Acid Replication and Transcription (2)
• Quinolones
• Rifampin
Drugs that cause Injury to Plasma Membrane (1)
• Polymyxin B
Drugs that cause Inhibition of Essential Metabolite Synthesis (2)
• Sulfanimide
• Trimethoprim
Honestly, just read the powerpoint theres no point in making notes :/
Good luck :/
