Lecture 9 - Skeletal System Flashcards
How many bones are in the adult human body?
206 bones
What cells are involved in bone tissue maintenance and remodeling?
- Osteocyte (maintains bone tissue)
- Osteoclast (eats broken bone)
- Osteoblast (forms bone)
- Osteogenic (stem cell)
What are the three types of joints based on movement? What are their articulation capabilities?
- Fibrous joints - NOT moveable
- Cartilaginous joints - SLIGHTLY moveable
- Synovial joints - HIGHLY moveable
What are joint articulations?
The place where two bones meet.
What are the anterior(ventral)/posterior(dorsal) anatomical orientations?
Anterior/ventral = front of the body (humans)
Posterior/dorsal = back side of the body (Humans)
What are the superior and inferior anatomical orientations?
Superior = towards head
Inferior = towards feet
What are the proximal and distal anatomical orientations?
Proximal = towards center of body
Distal = towards end of extremities
What are the medial and lateral anatomical orientations?
Medial = towards midline of body
Lateral = away from midline of body
What are the 2 regions of the skeleton?
- Axial skeleton - support and protection
- Appendicular skeleton - movement
List the 6 types of bones.
- Flat bone
- Short bone
- Sutures bone
- Sesamoid bone
- Irregular bone
- Long bone
What are the three sections of long bone?
- Diaphysis - bone shaft
- Epiphysis - proximal and distal ends of bone
- Metaphysis - junction between diaphysis and epiphysis
List and describe the 2 regions of the skull.
- Cranium - upper section, eye orbits, nasal cavity
- Mandible - lower section, jaw
List the 8 cranial bones.
- Frontal
- Parietal (2)
- Temporal (2)
- Occipital
- Sphenoid
- Ethmoid
List the three cranial sutures.
- Coronal suture - runs horizontally across top of skull
- Sagittal suture - runs vertically across skull
- Lambdoidal suture - runs horizontally across back of skull
What is squama on bone?
The flat part of a bone.
Where is the mastoid process?
The bump you feel behind your ear.
Where is the mandibular fossa?
Where your mandible attaches, dent in skull.
Where are the occipital condyles?
The two bumps at base of skull in occipital region.
Where is the foramen magnum?
The opening in base of skull where brain stem and spinal cord go through.
What are the 2 functions of human dentition?
- Mastication - chewing to break down food
- Paramastication - secondary chewing that assists mastication
What is the dental formula?
2.1.2.3
2.1.2.3 x2 = 32
What are the two phases of human dentition?
Deciduous (first teeth, shed in childhood), and permanent (adult teeth).
What is the only bone that doesn’t articulate with another bone?
The hyoid bone.
What are the 5 sections of the spine?
- Cervical
- Thoracic
- Lumbar
- Sacrum
- Coccyx
