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AU2017 Gen Path Exam 2 > Lecture 9- Renal Disease 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 9- Renal Disease 2 Flashcards

1
Q

acute pyelonephritis is also called…

A

tubulointerstitial nephritis

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2
Q

… is suppurative inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis caused by bacterial infection. This is a renal disease affecting tubules, interstitium, and pelvis and is most often secondary to bacterial infection

A

acute pyelonephritis/

tubulointerstitial nephritis

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3
Q

predisposing conditions of acute pyelonephritis/

tubulointerstitial nephritis

A 
pregnancy
ut obstruction
uti
immunosuppression
DM
instrumentation
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4
Q

what drugs can cause interstitial nephritis

A

antibiotics
nsaids
diuretics

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5
Q

in drug induced interstitial nephritis, drug may bind to … or … cells and act as … with immunologic response

A

tubular
interstitial
hapten

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6
Q

The clinical presentation of drug induced nephritis is a rapid onset of …, eosinophilia, renal dysfxn with … but little or no …

A

fever (2-40 days)

hematuria

proteinuria

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7
Q

what is the prognosis of drug induced nephritis?

A

good, full recovery 6-8 weeks

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8
Q

treatment of drug induced nephritis

A

withdrawal of drug and corticosteroids

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9
Q

… is the rapid onset of renal failure, reduced UO, electrolyte imbalances. The clinical manifestations are reversible over a period of weeks as the damaged tubular epithelium regenerates

A

acute tubular necrosis

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10
Q

etiology of acute tubular necrosis?

A

injury to tubular epithelial cells from ischemia (shock) or a toxin

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11
Q

3 pathologic features of acute tubular necrosis

A

dilation of tubules

edema

necrosis of tubular epithelium

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12
Q

treatment of acute tubular necrosis

do patients usually recover?

A

supportive care, dialysis

yes

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13
Q

… is the thickening and sclerosis of the renal arteries associated with benign htn

A

arterionephrosclerosis

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14
Q

what gene is associated with arteriosclerosis and what ethnic population is this disease common in?

A

apolioprotein L1

african americans

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15
Q

The same linkage can be seen in arterionephrosclerosis that is in…

A

FSGS (focal/segmental glomerulosclerosis)

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16
Q

4 features of arterionephrosclerosis

A
  1. grossly small kidneys, granular surface
  2. hyaline arteriosclerosis/ fibroelastic hyperplasia
  3. tubular atrophy and fibrosis
  4. global sclerosis of glomeruli
17
Q

… can be seen with malignant htn (200/120mmHg)

A

arterionephrosclerosis

18
Q

arterionephrosclerosis is seen in …% of patients with essential htn

A

5%

19
Q

what are the clinical symptoms of arterionephrosclerosis

A

increased intracranial pressure

proteinuria

ischemia leading to acute renal injury

20
Q

in the pathology of arterionephrosclerosis, the arterioles show … , reducing …. and causing…

A

hyperplastic arteriosclerosis (know this)

blood flow

necrosis of glomeruli

21
Q

… is an acquired defect in metalloproteinase that degrades vWD (or inherited ADAMTS 13 defect)

A

thrombotic thrombocytopenia pupura (TTP)

22
Q

… is an endothelial injury from Shiga toxin+ E. coli

and a major cause of acute kidney injury in children

A

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)

23
Q

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) and … can both lead to … activation

A

thrombotic thrombocytopenia pupura (TTP)

platelet

24
Q

HUS and TTP both cause widespread … in capillaries with RBC damage.

which one is predominately kidney involvement and which one is more widespread with organ impact including transient neurologic deficits from CNS involvement?

A

microthombi

HUS- kidney
TTP- CNS

25
Q

by the age of 70, urolithiasis affects … % of men and …% of women

A

11%

6%

26
Q

clinical symptoms of kidney stones

A 
asymptomatic
obstruction
intense pain
infection
hematuria
27
Q

most common form of kidney stones?

A

calcium (80%)

28
Q

3 types of kidney stones

A
  1. calcium
  2. magnesium ammonium phosphate
  3. uric acid
29
Q

what can cause magnesium ammonium phosphate kidney stones?

A

proteus or staph infection

30
Q

… is dilation of renal pelvis/calyces with parenchymal atrophy secondary to obstruction

A

hydronephrosis

31
Q

causes of hydronephrosis

A

congenital uto

enlarged prostate

neoplasms

neurogenic bladder

pregnancy

32
Q

most common type of kidney cancer

A

renal cell carcinoma

33
Q

male:female for renal cell carcinoma

A

2:1

34
Q

5 year survival in renal cell carcinoma
stage 1:
stage 4:

A

81%

8%

AU2017 Gen Path Exam 2 (9 decks)

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