Lecture 7- Pulmonary Pathology II Flashcards
predisposing factors of bacterial pneumonia
loss of cough reflex
injury to cilia
decreased phagocytosis
pulmonary edema
immunocompromised condition
symptoms of bacterial pneumonia
cough dyspnea fever chills sputum production
… is a type of bacterial pneumonia that is a patchy process, begins around the small bronchi and is common in the very young and old
bronchopneumonia
… is a type of bacterial pneumonia that involves the entire lobe and streptococcus pneumoniae is 90% of the cases and happens in healthy adults
lobar pneumonia
stages of inflammation in lobar pneumonia
congestion
red hepatization
gray hepatization
resolution
the early stage of pneumonia is …. which is purulent exudate with many RBCs
red hepatization
the later stage of pneumonia is… which is exudate with fibrin and macrophages
gray hepatization
4 complications of pneumonia
empyema
abscess
pericarditis
bacteremia
many viruses are associated with …. pneumonia
atypical (interstitial)
overall mortality of ARDS
30%
which disease is the most common infectious cause of death, about 3 million deaths per year
TB
what is the organism that causes TB and describe it
myobacterium tuberculosis
bacillus (rod), aerobe, nonmotile, slow growing
what is the classic tissue reaction to myobacterium tuberculosis
caseating granulomatous inflammation
TB is acquired by…
inhalation
the site of early infection in TB is called a…
Ghon lesion
over time, organisms in tuberculosis migrate to the hilar lymph nodes which is called a …
Ghon complex (lung lesion and hilar lymph nodes)
…% of primary cases of TB resolve
90-95%
reactivation of TB induces… and …
type IV hypersensitivity
tissue necrosis
military TB results from spread via… or …
lymphatics
blood (lymphohematogenous)
military TB has multiple … like granulomatous inflammation sites
millet seed
a granulomatous lung disease that is common especially in ohio is
histoplasmosis
which disease is the classic granulomatous lung disease?
TB
3 examples of granulomatous lung diseases
TB
histoplasmosis
sarcoidosis
leading cause of cancer deaths?
lung cancer
risk factors of lung cancer
smoking
asbestos
radon gas
nickel, chromates, pollutants, lung scar
tumors of lung cancer may produce hormones:
paraneoplastic syndromes
ADH, ACTH, PTH and others
which two forms of lung cancer are most strongly associated with smoking
squamous cell carcinoma
small cell (oat cell)
prognosis of lung cancer
16% 5 year survival
45% if localized when found
… is a group of lung disorders caused by inhalation of dust/particles
pneumoconioses
whats size of particles are the most dangerous in pneumoconioses
1-5 um
in pneumoconioses, inhaled particles induce…
fibrosis (scarring)
… worldwide is the most prevalent form of occupational disease
silicosis
