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AU2017 Gen Path Exam 2 > Lecture 2- Environmental Pathology > Flashcards

Lecture 2- Environmental Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Children account for … % of injury from chemical agents

A

60%

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2
Q

What does CLADME stand for

A 
Concentration
Liberation
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism 
Excretion
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3
Q

Overdose of Aspirin would be … gm for children or … gm for adults

A

2-4 gms

10-30 gms

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4
Q

The major actue injury of aspirin overdose is first … and then…

A

respiratory alkalosis

metabolic acidosis

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5
Q

Chronic ingestion of aspiring (3gm or more per day) is associated with…

A 
headaches
dizziniess
tinnitus (ringing ears)
drowsiness
mental changes
gastritis
GI bleed
nausea/vomiting

may lead to seizures/coma

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6
Q

Overdose of acetaminophen (tylenol) would be about … gms

A

15-20 gms

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7
Q

Early symptoms of acetaminophen toxicity are nonspecific (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) but will be followed by … and … as the … progresses. May also be heart and kidney damage as well

A

jaundice
shock
liver failure

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8
Q

…% of lead (Pb) is taken up by bones and developing teeth– competes with calcium and interferes with remodeling process.

A

85%

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9
Q

Lead lines can appear … and …

A 
on bones and at the free 
gingival margin (gingival hyperpigmentation)
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10
Q

Lead lines can appear … and …

A

on bones at epiphyseal plate

and

at the free 
gingival margin (gingival hyperpigmentation)
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11
Q

Lead blocks or hinders incorporation of…

A

Iron into hemoglobin

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12
Q

Monitoring lead exposure is a public health responsibility. The maximum allowable blood lead level was reduced from … to … ug/dL in 2012. Treatment is generally by … therapy (starting at … ug/dL)

A

10
5
chelation
45

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13
Q

One of the side effects of MDMA (ecstasy) is …

A

bruxism

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14
Q

Examples of club drugs

A

methamphetamines (MDMA,ecstasy)

LSD

ketamine

GHB

LSD

Rohypnol (roofies)

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15
Q

Body operates in temp range of ….

A

31-41 C

89-106 F

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16
Q

Hyperthermia (burns) cause … deaths per year in the US

A

5000

17
Q

% of BSA in burns is called the rule of 9’s, how is it split up?

If …% is burned, patient is more likely to die

A 
9 each arm
18 front trunk
18 back trunk
18 each leg
1 perineum

50%

18
Q

Shock in burns is common when greater than … % bsa is involved

A

20% (says 30-40 in notes)

19
Q

heat stroke is a temp of over …. and leads to peripheral vasodilation, confusion, coma, ischemia, muscle necrosis, DIC. high mortality rate!

A

40 degrees C

20
Q

mild hypothermia is defined by these temps

A

32-25

89-95

21
Q

moderate hypothermia is defined by these temps

A

28-32

82-89

22
Q

severe hypothermia is defined as these temps

A

less than 28

less than 82

23
Q

… is a unit that expresses the amount of energy absorbed by target tissue

A

Gray (Gy)

24
Q

… is roughly equal to Gy but dose also factors in relative biologic effect (RBE)

A

Sievert (Sv)

25
Q

Skin damage from radiation injuries will be the following:

…. 2-3 days
… 2-3 weeks
…. 4-6 weeks
… months/years/decades

A

erythema

edema

blistering

atrophy, fibrosis, neoplasia

26
Q

lethal radiation range begins at … Sv and at … Sv death is certain w/o treatment

A

2

7

27
Q

there are 2 protein compartments in the body

A
  1. somatic- skeletal muscles- can assess loss by measuring skinfold thickness
  2. visceral- liver- can assess by measuring serum proteins (albumin, transferrin)
28
Q

… is deficiency of caloric intake which results in growth retardation and loss of muscle mass as the body catabolizes protein as a source of energy. When weight falls less than 60%

A

Marasmus

29
Q

… is a common finding in marasmus and an indicator of immune system deficits

A

thrush

30
Q

In…. there is a greater deficiency of protein than total calories. This is the most common form of PEM found in Africa and SE asia

A

kwashiorkor

31
Q

… was found to prevent night blindness

A

vitamin A

32
Q

Vitamin A is made up of 3 biologically active forms

A

retinol
retinal
retinoic acid

33
Q

Over 90% of vitamin A is stored in liver where there are reserves for…

A

6-12 months

AU2017 Gen Path Exam 2 (9 decks)

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