Lecture 9 - Physical Performance Tests in Sports

Question 1

What are physical performance tests (PPTs)

Answer 1

PPTs were developed as measures of function in sport
- a low technology measure that can be performed by everyone from coaches to healthcare professionals to examine components of sport (strength, power, agility)

Question 2

Advantages of PPTs

Answer 2

• Easy to administer
• Are not time consuming
• Do not require a great deal of expertise
• Can be completed in multiple settings and locations

Question 3

Which three PPTs have some ability to predict injury

Answer 3

• Star excursion balance test
• Closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test
• seated shot put

Question 4

Functional movement screen

Answer 4

an evaluation tool that attempts to assess the fundamental movement patterns of an individual. Includes 7 fundamental movement patterns that require a balance of mobility and stability

Question 5

What are the movements of the fundamental movement screening

Answer 5

• Deep squat
• hurdle step
• in-line lunges
• shoulder mobility
• active straight leg raise
• trunk stability push-up
• rotary stability

Question 6

Describe the fundamental movement screening scoring

Answer 6

0 - at any time during test, experiences pain anywhere in body
1 - unable to complete the movement pattern or is unable to assume the position to perform test
2- able to complete the movement but must compensate in some way to perform the movement
3- performs movement correctly without any compensation

Question 7

Risk factors

Answer 7

A risk factor can be considered a type of correlate
- it is associated with an increased probability of an outcome, usually an unpleasant one

Question 8

Characteristics of our risk factors

Answer 8

1. it occurs before the outcome
2. it can be used to divide a population into high risk and low risk subgroups

Question 9

Cross-sectional studies

Answer 9

• retrospective
  -snapshot of a given point in time
• primarily used to determine prevalence
  -can determine correlation but not causation

Question 10

Cohort studies

Answer 10

• typically prospective in design
• describe the incidence or natural history of a condition
• measures temporality, therefore infer causation
• Analyse predictors (risk factors)
• does not take into account confounding variables

Question 11

Relative risk

Answer 11

Incidence of disease amount exposed individuals/ incidence of disease among unexposed individuals
1.0 indicates no association
> 1.0 exposure increases incidence or disease
< 1.0 exposure provides protection

Question 12

Odds ratio

Answer 12

Odds of exposure among individuals with disease/ odds if exposure among individuals without disease
1.0 indicates odds of exposure are similar among those with or without disease
>1.0 indicates increase likelihood of exposure among diseased subjects
<1.0 indicates a decreases likelihood of exposure among diseased subjects

Question 13

Intrinsic risk factors

Answer 13

Modifiable
- fitness
- biomechanics
- energy availability
- psychology
Non-modifiable
- age
- sex
anatomy
- previous injury

Question 14

Extrinsic risk factors

Answer 14

• Sports equipment
• Environment
• Opposition players
• training load

Question 15

Workload

Answer 15

a sum of external and internal load

Question 16

Internal load

Answer 16

• Heart rate
• Heart rate variability
• Rating of perceived exertion
• VO2 max
  Blood-lactate values

Question 17

External load

Answer 17

• GPS ( distance, change in direction, velocity)
• Power (watts)
• Duration (time)
• Number of jumps, jump height

Question 18

What are the characteristics of a good outcome measures

Answer 18

1. discriminate among patients/althetes at a point in time
2. predict a subsequent event to outcome
3. Assess change over time

Question 19

Pyschometric properties

Answer 19

• validity
• reliability
• MDC
  -MCID

Question 20

How can we validate a sports injury prediction tool?

Answer 20

1. A strong relationship must be demonstrated between screening rest and injury risk
2. The test properties of the marker must be validate in relevant populations
3. A intervention program given to targeted athletes should be more beneficial than the same intervention given to all athletes