Lecture 9 - Physical Performance Tests in Sports Flashcards
What are physical performance tests (PPTs)
PPTs were developed as measures of function in sport
- a low technology measure that can be performed by everyone from coaches to healthcare professionals to examine components of sport (strength, power, agility)
Advantages of PPTs
- Easy to administer
- Are not time consuming
- Do not require a great deal of expertise
- Can be completed in multiple settings and locations
Which three PPTs have some ability to predict injury
- Star excursion balance test
- Closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test
- seated shot put
Functional movement screen
an evaluation tool that attempts to assess the fundamental movement patterns of an individual. Includes 7 fundamental movement patterns that require a balance of mobility and stability
What are the movements of the fundamental movement screening
- Deep squat
- hurdle step
- in-line lunges
- shoulder mobility
- active straight leg raise
- trunk stability push-up
- rotary stability
Describe the fundamental movement screening scoring
0 - at any time during test, experiences pain anywhere in body
1 - unable to complete the movement pattern or is unable to assume the position to perform test
2- able to complete the movement but must compensate in some way to perform the movement
3- performs movement correctly without any compensation
Risk factors
A risk factor can be considered a type of correlate
- it is associated with an increased probability of an outcome, usually an unpleasant one
Characteristics of our risk factors
- it occurs before the outcome
- it can be used to divide a population into high risk and low risk subgroups
Cross-sectional studies
- retrospective
-snapshot of a given point in time - primarily used to determine prevalence
-can determine correlation but not causation
Cohort studies
- typically prospective in design
- describe the incidence or natural history of a condition
- measures temporality, therefore infer causation
- Analyse predictors (risk factors)
- does not take into account confounding variables
Relative risk
Incidence of disease amount exposed individuals/ incidence of disease among unexposed individuals
1.0 indicates no association
> 1.0 exposure increases incidence or disease
< 1.0 exposure provides protection
Odds ratio
Odds of exposure among individuals with disease/ odds if exposure among individuals without disease
1.0 indicates odds of exposure are similar among those with or without disease
>1.0 indicates increase likelihood of exposure among diseased subjects
<1.0 indicates a decreases likelihood of exposure among diseased subjects
Intrinsic risk factors
Modifiable
- fitness
- biomechanics
- energy availability
- psychology
Non-modifiable
- age
- sex
anatomy
- previous injury
Extrinsic risk factors
- Sports equipment
- Environment
- Opposition players
- training load
Workload
a sum of external and internal load
Internal load
- Heart rate
- Heart rate variability
- Rating of perceived exertion
- VO2 max
Blood-lactate values
External load
- GPS ( distance, change in direction, velocity)
- Power (watts)
- Duration (time)
- Number of jumps, jump height
What are the characteristics of a good outcome measures
- discriminate among patients/althetes at a point in time
- predict a subsequent event to outcome
- Assess change over time
Pyschometric properties
- validity
- reliability
- MDC
-MCID
How can we validate a sports injury prediction tool?
- A strong relationship must be demonstrated between screening rest and injury risk
- The test properties of the marker must be validate in relevant populations
- A intervention program given to targeted athletes should be more beneficial than the same intervention given to all athletes
