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CELS191 > lecture 9 - photosynthesis > Flashcards

lecture 9 - photosynthesis Flashcards

1
Q

Where does photosynthesis occur in a plant cell?

A

Chloroplast

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2
Q

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O -> (plant,light) C6H12O6 + 6O2

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3
Q

How many membranes do chloroplasts have?

A

3

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4
Q

What are the three membranes of a chloroplast?

A

Outer, inner, thylakoid

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5
Q

What are the three compartments of a chloroplast?

A

Inter membrane space, stroma, thylakoid space.

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6
Q

Where are chlorophyll/other pigments contained in a chloroplast?

A

In the thylakoid

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7
Q

What is a key structural feature of the thylakoid?

A

It contains a highly folded thylakoid membrane

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8
Q

What is the goal of the light reaction?

A

To capture light energy and convert it to chemical energy. (ATP)

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9
Q

What are the key components in the membrane involved in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?

A

Photosystem II, cytochrome complex, Photosystem I, enzymes (NADPH reductase), ATP synthase

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10
Q

Light Reactions (first phase)

A

-produces ATP and NADPH
-Photosystems embedded in thylakoid membrane contain chlorophyll that absorbs light energy
-photosystem 2 (first one) water is split into oxygen.
-light energy produced high energy electrons
-Electrons shuttled by NADPH move throw photosynthetic transport chain which pumps H+ in thylakoid space
-H+ gradient powers ATP Synthase, making ATP

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11
Q

Where do the electrons in the photosynthetic electron transport chain come from?

A

The splitting of water molecules, which produces oxygen, H+ ions and electrons

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12
Q

What occurs at Photosystem II in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?

A

A pigment (chlorophyll) absorbs light energy, releasing high energy electrons which chemical energy.

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13
Q

How many electrons enter/exit photosystems in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?

A

2

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14
Q

What occurs at Photosystem I in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?

A

Electrons that have lost energy at the cytochrome complex are re-energised by light energy, via chlorophyll pigment absorption.

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15
Q

Where is NADPH formed in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?

A

At enzymes in the membrane that accept high energy electrons

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16
Q

What occurs at ATP synthase in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?

A

H+ move down their concentration gradient (energy-less) from thylakoid space to stroma, facilitating the formation of ATP from ADP + P.

17
Q

What is produced in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?

A

6O2 as well as ATP and NADPH

18
Q

What is the reactant that is used up in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?

A

6H2O

19
Q

What products of the photosynthetic electron transport chain are used by the Calvin cycle?

A

NADPH and ATP

20
Q

What photosynthesis reactant is reacted in the Calvin cycle?

A

6CO2

21
Q

What is the other name for the Calvin Cycle?

A

Carbon fixation

22
Q

Where does the Calvin cycle occur?

A

The stroma of a chloroplast

23
Q

Where does the photosynthetic electron transport chain take place?

A

The thylakoid membrane

24
Q

How many turns of the Calvin cycle are required to produce Glucose?

A

3

25
Q

What is glucose formed from in the Calvin Cycle?

A

3-carbon sugars

26
Q

What protein is ATP generated in, in both animal and plant cells?

A

ATP synthase

27
Q

Where is ATP synthase in an animal cell?

A

The inner membrane of the mitochondria

28
Q

Where does ATP synthase sit in plant cells?

A

The thylakoid membrane

29
Q

What is the origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria?

A

They originated as prokaryotes with aerobic or photosynthetic functions, and were engulfed by eukaryotes until they became essential for cell function, forming chloroplasts and mitochondria

30
Q

What is a stack of thylakoids?

A

A granum (plural grana)

31
Q

Where are protons pumped from and to in photosynthesis?

A

From stroma into the thylakoid space via the thylakoid membrane

32
Q

Calvin Cylce 1. Fixation

A

CO2 and 5 carbon molecule makes 2, 3 carbon molecule

33
Q

Calvin Cylce 2. Reduction

A

3 carbon molecule converted into another 3 carbon molecule with high energy, using ATP and NADPH

34
Q

Calvin Cycle 3. Regeneration

A

Converting 3 Carbon molecul back to 5 Carbon molecule using ATP.

35
Q

Where does plant cells break down glucose from photosynthesis

A

Mitchondria via cellular respiration

36
Q

What does the Calvin Cycle produce

A

Glucose

37
Q

Is ATP and NADPH produced in light reaction used to fix CO2. True or Fasl

A

True

CELS191 (35 decks)

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