lecture 9 - photosynthesis Flashcards
Where does photosynthesis occur in a plant cell?
Chloroplast
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O -> (plant,light) C6H12O6 + 6O2
How many membranes do chloroplasts have?
3
What are the three membranes of a chloroplast?
Outer, inner, thylakoid
What are the three compartments of a chloroplast?
Inter membrane space, stroma, thylakoid space.
Where are chlorophyll/other pigments contained in a chloroplast?
In the thylakoid
What is a key structural feature of the thylakoid?
It contains a highly folded thylakoid membrane
What is the goal of the light reaction?
To capture light energy and convert it to chemical energy. (ATP)
What are the key components in the membrane involved in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?
Photosystem II, cytochrome complex, Photosystem I, enzymes (NADPH reductase), ATP synthase
Light Reactions (first phase)
-produces ATP and NADPH
-Photosystems embedded in thylakoid membrane contain chlorophyll that absorbs light energy
-photosystem 2 (first one) water is split into oxygen.
-light energy produced high energy electrons
-Electrons shuttled by NADPH move throw photosynthetic transport chain which pumps H+ in thylakoid space
-H+ gradient powers ATP Synthase, making ATP
Where do the electrons in the photosynthetic electron transport chain come from?
The splitting of water molecules, which produces oxygen, H+ ions and electrons
What occurs at Photosystem II in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?
A pigment (chlorophyll) absorbs light energy, releasing high energy electrons which chemical energy.
How many electrons enter/exit photosystems in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?
2
What occurs at Photosystem I in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?
Electrons that have lost energy at the cytochrome complex are re-energised by light energy, via chlorophyll pigment absorption.
Where is NADPH formed in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?
At enzymes in the membrane that accept high energy electrons
What occurs at ATP synthase in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?
H+ move down their concentration gradient (energy-less) from thylakoid space to stroma, facilitating the formation of ATP from ADP + P.
What is produced in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?
6O2 as well as ATP and NADPH
What is the reactant that is used up in the photosynthetic electron transport chain?
6H2O
What products of the photosynthetic electron transport chain are used by the Calvin cycle?
NADPH and ATP
What photosynthesis reactant is reacted in the Calvin cycle?
6CO2
What is the other name for the Calvin Cycle?
Carbon fixation
Where does the Calvin cycle occur?
The stroma of a chloroplast
Where does the photosynthetic electron transport chain take place?
The thylakoid membrane
How many turns of the Calvin cycle are required to produce Glucose?
3
What is glucose formed from in the Calvin Cycle?
3-carbon sugars
What protein is ATP generated in, in both animal and plant cells?
ATP synthase
Where is ATP synthase in an animal cell?
The inner membrane of the mitochondria
Where does ATP synthase sit in plant cells?
The thylakoid membrane
What is the origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria?
They originated as prokaryotes with aerobic or photosynthetic functions, and were engulfed by eukaryotes until they became essential for cell function, forming chloroplasts and mitochondria
What is a stack of thylakoids?
A granum (plural grana)
Where are protons pumped from and to in photosynthesis?
From stroma into the thylakoid space via the thylakoid membrane
Calvin Cylce 1. Fixation
CO2 and 5 carbon molecule makes 2, 3 carbon molecule
Calvin Cylce 2. Reduction
3 carbon molecule converted into another 3 carbon molecule with high energy, using ATP and NADPH
Calvin Cycle 3. Regeneration
Converting 3 Carbon molecul back to 5 Carbon molecule using ATP.
Where does plant cells break down glucose from photosynthesis
Mitchondria via cellular respiration
What does the Calvin Cycle produce
Glucose
Is ATP and NADPH produced in light reaction used to fix CO2. True or Fasl
True
