Lecture 9 Neuroanatomy Flashcards
How many lobes are there? Name them
- Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
Frontal association cortex
Intelligence, memory, personality, behaviour, mood
Higher order thinking (HOT)
Moralistic thinking
Ability to tell good, better, best
Involve in overiding flight/fight response with logical reasoning and managing rationality of response.
Components of frontal lobe
Frontal association cortex
1o motor cortex = pre central gyros
Broca’s area
Planning cortex = prefrontal cortex
How many major gyri does each lobe have
~ 3
Superior, middle, inferior
Temporary association cortex
MIA
Memory, intelligence, agression (MIA)
There is a part of the temporal association cortex that is more associated with the occipital lobe
True or false
True. This region is located inferiorly. It’s inferior border is located above the cerebellum and the posterior border is bordering the occipital lobe
The greater the function (sensory, motor, etc.)
The greater the representation on the homunculus
Components of the parietal lobe
Parietal association cortex
Supramarginal & angular gyri
Primary sensory cortex = post central gyrus
Wernicke’s area
Primary auditory cortex
Functions of components of parietal lobe
1. parietal association cortex
2. supramarginal & angular gyri
3. Primary sensory cortex = post central gyrus
4. Wernicke’s area (language)
5. Primary auditory cortex
- Facial recognition, spatial skills, 3D recognition, shapes
- S - reading (interpret), A - writing (formulate)
- Dense no.small granule cells with input from thalamus. Discriminative information, pain, temperature, fine touch
- Understanding speech. Take some tones and time and out them together to interpret language
- Break down sound into tones & time -> sequence them
Characteristics
Broca’s area (language)
Planning cortex
Primary motor cortex
- Producing speech
- activate muscles, has homuncular map that corresponds with motor homunculus.
- Pyramidal cell neurons. Upper motor neuron axons through white matter organised in homunculus
Components of occipital lobe & functions
Primary visual cortex - takes and organises visual information from the periphery
Secondary visual cortex - interpret what is seen in periphery, what is coming into the primary visual cortex
During epilepsy, some of the temporal is removed to reduce it but what is the bad side effect of it
Memory loss, amnesia
A middle cerebral artery stroke in M3 regions damages the Wernicke’s area which results in…
fluent aphasia (can produce speech but cannot understand )
Three forms of connections in the brain
- Association fibres - within same hemisphere
- Commissural fibres - across hemispheres
- Projection fibres - brain and spinal cord
Examples of connections
Wernicke’s area and Broca’s area - arcuate fasciculus (cortex to cortex connection)
Wernicke’s area & Supramarginal and angular gyrus
Broca’s area and regions of the primary cortex
Broca’s area and sub cortical brain
