Lecture 24 Memory 2

Question 1

Engram

Answer 1

Physical change in the brain when a new memory is stored

Question 2

What is consolidation

Answer 2

Declarative memory acquisition + existing memory storage

Question 3

Where does transition of new memory to long term declarative memory occur

Answer 3

Medial temporal lobe especially hippocampus

Question 4

Where does transition of new memory to long term procedural memory occur

Answer 4

Basal ganglia

Question 5

Where does transition of new memory to long term associative memory occur

Answer 5

Amygdala/cerebellum

Question 6

Where does transition of new memory to long term priming memory occur

Answer 6

Cortex

Question 7

Where does long term storage of exisiting memory occur

Answer 7

Cortex
- dependent on distributed cortical network (impaired when large portions are disrupted)

Question 8

What is memory acquisition

Answer 8

Transition of working memory to long term memory

Question 9

What do animal studies and clinical findings show in relation to declarative memory acquisitions when the MTL has a lesion or is impaired

Mouse study

Answer 9

Over time
Mouse study: Control rat was able to find the platform in a shorter time after several trials no matter where they are placed. (Use visual cues).
Rat with hippocampus lesions took the same amount of time in every trial to get to the platform. (Don’t learn, don’t get better over time)

Question 10

What do animal studies and clinical findings show in relation to declarative memory acquisitions when the MTL has a lesion or is impaired

Monkey study

Answer 10

Perihippocampal lesion (similar to HM): able to learn that reward is not under the original object if delay between presentations are short enough (working memory). If learning with longer delay (consolidation required: working to long term memory), do not learn

Question 11

What did the study with London taxi drivers show?

Answer 11

The longer time taken taxi driving, the large the volume of the posterior hippocampus (required : consolidating spatial declarative memory)

Question 12

What did damage to the visual association cortex show

Huntington’s disease affects the connections between basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex which impairs

Fear conditioning in animals (emotional learning) show that

Answer 12

Priming affected

Motor/procedural learning

Amygdala and cerebellum are required in associative learning

Question 13

How is semantic memory organized

How can memory be accessed

Answer 13

According to different categories.

From various cues