Lecture 9: Modeling population alleles (Exam 2)

Question 1

locus

Answer 1

location on a chromosome where the gene is located

Question 2

allele

Answer 2

all variant forms of a particular gene

Question 3

genotype

Answer 3

alleles, or variant forms of a gene, that are carried by an organism

Question 4

phenotype

Answer 4

The observable characteristics in an individual resulting from the expression of genes

Question 5

allele frequency

Answer 5

number of copies of an allele divided by the total number of alleles at that locus

Question 6

genotype frequency

Answer 6

number of individuals with a particular genotype divided by all possible genotypes of that locus

Question 7

concept of gene pool

Answer 7

• determining how many copies of each allele (A and a) are in our population

Question 8

how alleles can pair into genotypes

Answer 8

we use a punnett square to test

Question 9

Why we model with a
single locus containing two alleles

Answer 9

if we know the frequency of one allele, we can determine the frequency of the second allele because there are only two options

Question 10

if given the allele frequency of p or q, how do we calculate the other

Answer 10

100 - % given frequency

Question 11

how to infer genotype frequencies given allele frequencies (and extrapolate to # of individuals)

Answer 11

• plug in values into equation (heterozygous = 2pq)
• multiply by % in population

Question 12

perform chi-squared test to compare observed and expected values of genotypes in a population

Answer 12

…… review

Question 13

What Hardy-weinberg equilibrium is and how many assumptions it requires

Answer 13

• h-w equilibrium provides theoretical expectations of genotype frequencies based on allele frequencies in an idealized population
• there are 5 assumptions: one is idealized population