Lecture 7: Birth and Death (Exam 2)

Question 1

What is the definition of population

Answer 1

a group of interbreeding organisms in the same geographic area

Question 2

What adds and what subtracts from populations

Answer 2

• births and immigration add to populations
• death and emigration decrease populations

Question 3

How are diploid organisms organized?

Answer 3

• they possess two alleles at every locus, one from each gamete
• each parent contributes 1/2, so offspring looks like a “blend”

Question 4

genome

Answer 4

a complete set of genes

Question 5

gene

Answer 5

sequence of DNA that codes for a functional molecule (typically protein)

Question 6

protein

Answer 6

biological molecules that perform nearly function in the organism

Question 7

trait

Answer 7

observable characteristic of an organism based on genotype & environment

Question 8

phenotype

Answer 8

physical characteristic

Question 9

what genotype frequency is and its relationship to evolution

Answer 9

• how many individuals possess each allele and ** how does that change over time**
• evolution occurs when genotype frequencies change over successive generations

Question 10

How genotype frequencies change based on births and deaths

Answer 10

• some genes are lost, others increase depending on who survives and leaves offspring

Question 11

The definition of natural selection and adaptation

Answer 11

• differential survival and reproduction based on heritable traits causes a population to adapt to its environment over successive generations
• produces “adaptations”
• one mechanism of evolution

Question 12

Reason through the process of a population with changing characteristics over time

Answer 12

• birth and death is random
• traits must be heritable in order for populations to change over time

Question 13

explain how a population’s characteristics change over time (both artificially and naturally)

Answer 13

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