Lecture 9 - Meta- Cognition Flashcards
What are metacognitive judgements?
Perceptions of your own mental state
What is meta-cognition?
Thinking about thinking - When you reflect on the contents of your mind
What are the two perceptions of your own mental state?
Confidence (im sure im right vs im mostly guessing)
Awareness (i dont know why i think that, i trust him bc)
What is confirmation bias?
A preference for seeking information that can only confirm your existing beliefs, rather than contradict it
About active search for information, not just whether you believe information when you encounter it
Wasons selection task
Choose to confirm the rule rather than disprove the rule (built in confirmation bias)
Wason task: controls
Things which dont help:
Motivation / reward
Changing the wording
University education
Something which does help:
Making the task less abstract
Why are most errors 2 errors?
- Making the wrong choice
- Thinking you’ve made the right choice
> Error + metacognitive error
What is misattribution?
Choosing affects this
Making errors in identifying the cause of something
What is the Mere Exposure Effect
Brief exposure to something can cause you to have a preference compared to something you havent been exposed to
Typically found after brief, repeated exposures with low levels of attention and involvement
Often used in advertising
What is mental contamination?
a person has an unwanted response (automatic processing and source confusion) because of mental processing that is unconscious or uncontrollable
eg being on a bridge CROSSING A MOUNTAIN
many arousal-inducing features
Does recognition memory support mere exposure effect?
Recognition, whether correct or mistaken, enhances preference
What is fluency?
Fluency means interpreting stimuli at ease which is then interpreted as being pleasing
Misattribution based on fluency
prior presentation (exposed to something beforehand)
stimulus properties
individual differences
its thinking youve seen something before when you havent - this is a metacognitive error
What can fluency affect?
Recognition judgement and preference judgement
What are preference judgements?
Quick heuristic process w a systematic bias, preferring things that are easily processed (fluency)
Recognition and preference are based on fluency - memory judgements correlate with preference judgements
explain the mere exposure effect
The Illusion of Explanatory Depth (chronic failures of metacognition)
People thinking they understand the world w far greater detail or depth than they really do
THINKING YOU UNDERSTAND SOMETHING MORE THAN YOU DO IS A METACOGNITIVE ERROR
we do this bc we misattribute expertise based on familiarity
What is the Dunning - Kruger effect?
Not always aware of errors in judgement
Confidence may not equal competence
OVER ESTIMATING THE SKILL YOU HAVE IN A DOMAIN
What is the Dual Burden Theory?
high skill = perform well and understand skill so can judge your ability
Low skill = low performance but lack knowledge to make accurate metacognitive judgements
incompetent individuals lack the metacognitive skills necessary for accurate self- assessment
