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Anatomy 314 - Urogen > Lecture 9: Male genital system(Prostate gland and penis) > Flashcards

Lecture 9: Male genital system(Prostate gland and penis) Flashcards

1
Q

Prostate Gland: Location

A

inferior to bladder, anterior to rectum.

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2
Q

The prostate gland surrounds the

A

prostatic urethra

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3
Q

Prostate Gland: structure

A
  • Fibrous capsule: contains prostatic plexuses of veins and nerves.
    ➢surrounded by pelvic fascia: forms prostatic sheath, which is continuous anteriorly with the puboprostatic ligaments.
    ➢Blends posteriorly with rectovesical septum (thicker).
  • Lobes (anatomically not clearly distinct ):
    ➢Isthmus: anterior to urethra (fibromuscular).
    ➢Right and left (glandular): separated anteriorly by isthmus, posteriorly by longitudinal furrow.
    ➢Subdivided into four lobules (see following slide).
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4
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5
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6
Q

Prostate Gland: Relations

A
  • Base – neck of urinary bladder.
  • Apex – in contact with the superior fascia of urethral sphincter & deep perineal muscles.
  • Muscular anterior surface – separated from pubic symphysis by retroperitoneal fat in retropubic space.
  • Posterior surface – ampulla of rectum.
  • Inferolaterior surfaces – related to levator ani muscles.
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7
Q
A
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8
Q

Prostate Gland: Lobes & lobules:
R and L lobes subdivided into lobules:

A

Based on relationship to urethra & ejaculatory ducts,
arrangement of ducts and connective tissue.
➢Inferoposterior: posterior to urethra, inferior to ejaculatory ducts. Palpable in digital rectal examination.
➢Inferolateral: lateral to urethra, forms major part of lobe.
➢Superomedial: deep to inferoposterior, surrounds ejaculatory duct.
➢Anteromedial: deep to inferolateral, lateral to proximal prostatic urethra.
* Clinicians: peripheral, central zones, transitional zones: transitional is site of benign prostatic hypertrophy.

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9
Q
A
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10
Q

Prostatic urethra contains

A

Prostatic ducts open into prostatic sinuses – on either side of seminal colliculus on the posterior wall of the prostatic urethra.

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11
Q

Seminal colliculus

A

is an eminence in the middle of the urethral crest.

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12
Q

Urethral crest is a

A

median ridge between the bilateral grooves called the prostatic sinuses.
➢ prevents backward flow of semen into bladder.

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13
Q

Prostatic utricle

A

a small slit on the seminal colliculus.
➢Embryological remnant of the uterovaginal canal (forms uterus & part of vagina in females).

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14
Q

Opening of ejaculatory ducts

A

below utricle.

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15
Q

Prostatic fluid: contributes

A

20% to volume of semen.

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16
Q

Reproductive and urinary tracts merge in

A

the prostatic urethra.

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17
Q
A
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18
Q

Prostate Gland: Arterial supply

A
  • Prostatic arteries arise from branches of internal iliac artery:
    ➢Inferior vesical arteries, internal pudendal, middle rectal.
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19
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20
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21
Q

Prostate Gland: Venous Drainage

A
  • Veins draining prostate gland form a plexus around the sides and base:
    ➢Prostatic venous plexus
    ➢Located between the fibrous capsule
    of prostate and the prostatic sheath. ➢Continuous superiorly with the vesical
    plexus.
    ➢Communicates posteriorly with the
    internal vertebral venous plexus. ➢Drains into internal iliac veins.
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22
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23
Q

Prostate Gland: Innervation

A
  • Sympathetic – T12-L2, lumbar splanchnic nerves, hypogastric and pelvic plexuses.
  • Stimulates secretion from the prostate during ejaculation.
  • Parasympathetic - pelvic splanchnic nerves, inferior hypogastric, pelvic plexuses.
  • Prostatic plexus is connected with pelvic plexus.
  • Gives rise to cavernous nerves: supply erectile tissues of penis (erection) - parasympathetic.
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24
Q
A
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25
Q

Prostate Gland: Lymphatic

A
  • Lymph draining prostate gland drains to internal iliac nodes.
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26
Q

Penis is the male

A

copulatory organ.

27
Q

Penis location

A

in the urogenital triangle of the male perineum

28
Q

The penis is the common

A

outlet for urine and semen.

29
Q

The penis consists of a

A

root, body, and glans.

30
Q

Anatomical position of penis = erect:

A

➢Dorsal and ventral surfaces.

31
Q
A
32
Q
A
33
Q

Three cylindrical bodies of erectile cavernous tissue:

A
  • Corpora (plural) cavernosa – paired and dorsally:
    ➢ Separated by septum.
  • Corpus (singular) spongiosum –single and ventrally:
    ➢ contains spongy/penile urethra.
  • Each erectile tissue is surrounded by fibrous covering:
    ➢ tunica albuginea
  • Deep fascia of penis binds corpora together: continuation of deep perineal fascia.
34
Q
A
35
Q

Penis: root is the

A

attached part

36
Q

Penis: root consists of

A

crura (plural), bulb, ischiocavernosus & bulbospongiosus muscles.

37
Q

Penis: root location

A

in the superficial perineal pouch, between the perineal membrane (superior) and the deep perineal fascia (inferior).

38
Q

Penis: root
Crura and bulb consists of

A

erectile tissue: corpus cavernosum & corpus spongiosum.

39
Q

Penis: root
Crura attached to

A

ischial ramus

40
Q

Penis: root
Posterior part of the bulb:

A

penetrated by urethra.

41
Q
A
42
Q
A
43
Q

Penis: Body
suspended from

A

the pubic symphysis.

44
Q

Penis: body

A

Has no muscles

45
Q

penis body consists of

A

thin skin, connective tissue, blood & lymphatics, fascia, corpora, urethra.
- Skin is connected to tunica albuginea by loose connective tissue.

46
Q

Penis: Glans
Is the

A

Distal expansion of corpus spongiosum.

47
Q

Penis: Glans
Corona:

A

projection of glans beyond ends
of corpora cavernosa.

48
Q

Separates glans from body

A

Neck

49
Q

near the tip of the glans.

A

External urethral orifice/meatus

50
Q

Penis: Glans
Skin and fascia form a

A

double layer: prepuce (foreskin)
➢Covers the glans penis.
➢Frenulum of prepuce: median fold that attaches deep layer of prepuce to the glans.

51
Q
A
52
Q

Penis: Ligaments

A
  • Suspensory: condensation of deep fascia arising from the anterior surface of the pubic symphysis.
    ➢passes inferiorly and splits to form a sling that attaches to the deep fascia of the penis (at the junction of the body & root).
    ➢anchors erectile bodies to pubic symphysis.
    ➢Short and taut.
  • Fundiform: irregular condensation of collagen and elastic fibres of the subcutaneous tissues
    ➢Descends in midline from linea alba to the pubic symphysis
    ➢Splits to surround the penis, then reunites and blends inferiorly with dartos fascia forming the scrotal septum.
    ➢superficial to suspensory ligament, blends with dartos fascia forming scrotal septum.
    ➢Long and loose.
53
Q
A
54
Q

Penis: Arterial supply

A
  • Penile skin: Superficial and deep branches of external pudendal artery (from femoral arteries).
  • Branches of internal pudendal artery:
    ❑Skin & fascia of penis, corpus spongiosum,
    spongy urethra: dorsal artery of penis.
    ➢Runs on each side of deep dorsal vein in dorsal groove between corpora cavernosa.
    ❑Corpora cavernosa: deep artery of penis. ➢Pierces crura & runs through center of corpus. ➢Give off cavernous arteries.
    ➢Involved in erection.
    ❑Bulb of corpus spongiosum and urethra within it & bulbourethral glands: artery of bulb of penis
55
Q
A
56
Q
A
57
Q

Penis: Venous drainage

A
  • Deep dorsal vein: drains blood from cavernous spaces via venous plexus that drains into prostatic venous plexus.
    ➢Passes between the laminae of the suspensory ligament, inferior to the inferior pubic ligament, anterior to the perineal membrane.
  • Superficial dorsal vein: drains blood from skin & subcutaneous tissue.
    ➢Drains into superficial external pudendal vein.
58
Q
A
59
Q
A
60
Q

Penis: Innervation

A
  • Nerves arise from S2, S3, S4, either through pelvic splanchnic or pudendal nerves.
  • Skin and glans penis – dorsal nerve of penis from pudendal nerve (sensory and sympathetic), see previous slide.
    ➢Passes through pudendal canal & deep perineal pouch.
    ➢Runs lateral to deep dorsal artery on the dorsum of penis.
    ➢Glans has rich supply of nerve endings.
  • Skin of root – ilioinguinal nerve.
  • Parasympathetic vasodilator nerves from pelvic splanchnic nerves supply erectile tissue via cavernous nerves (through prostatic plexus).
61
Q
A
62
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A
63
Q

Penis: Lymphatic drainage

A
  • Skin of penis drains into superficial inguinal nodes.
  • Glans and distal spongy urethra drain into deep inguinal nodes.
  • Cavernous bodies and proximal spongy urethra drain into internal iliac nodes.
64
Q

Erection

A
  • Stimulation.
  • Parasympathetic innervation: cavernous nerves relax smooth muscle
    in cavernous arteries.
    ➢Arteries straighten, enlarge their lumen.
    ➢Increases blood flow into the cavernous spaces of the corpora cavernosum.
  • Muscles of perineum (bulbospongiosus & ischiocavernosus) compress veins draining corpora cavernosum, preventing their drainage.
  • Erectile tissues engorged with blood and become rigid.

Anatomy 314 - Urogen (10 decks)

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