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Anatomy 314 - Urogen > Lecture 8: Male genital system (testis and scrotum) > Flashcards

Lecture 8: Male genital system (testis and scrotum) Flashcards

1
Q

Male genital system
- Internal genital organs

A

Testes
Epididymis
Ductus deferens Seminal glands Ejaculatory ducts Prostate Bulbourethral glands

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2
Q

Male genital system
- External genital organs

A

Scrotum Penis

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3
Q

Male external genitalia is located in

A

Urogenital triangle

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4
Q

Why are testis and epididymis considered as internal genitalia?

A

because of embryology.

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5
Q
A
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6
Q

The testes are the male

A

gonads

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7
Q

The testes produce

A

sperm and hormones (testosterone).

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8
Q

Location of the testes

A

in the scrotum, suspended by the spermatic cords

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9
Q

Surface of testis covered by

A

tunica vaginalis

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10
Q

tunica vaginalis:

A

double layer of peritoneum.
* Visceral layer closely applied to testis, epididymis, and inferior part of ductus deferens.
* Parietal layer extends onto distal part of spermatic cord.
* Cavity with fluid in between – allows movement of testis in scrotum.

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11
Q
A
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12
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13
Q

Tunica albuginea: of testes

A
  • Tough fibrous outer layer of testis.
  • Forms mediastinum of testis: thickened ridge on internal, posterior aspect.
  • From mediastinum, fibrous septa extend between seminiferous tubules of testis.
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14
Q

Seminiferous tubules: of testes

A
  • Highly coiled tubes, where sperm are produced.
  • Joined by straight tubules to the rete testis (in mediastinum)
  • Retes testis connected to epididymis by efferent ductules.
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15
Q

Arterial supply of the testes

A
  • Testicular artery:
    ➢Arises from abdominal aorta
    inferior to renal arteries.
    ➢Pass retroperitoneal, cross over ureters and inferior parts of the external iliac arteries to reach deep inguinal ring.
    ➢Enter inguinal canal through deep ring.
    ➢Exit through superficial ring & enters spermatic cord.
    ➢Anastomoses with artery of the ductus deferens.
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16
Q

Venous drainage of the testes

A
  • Veins from testis and epididymis form the pampiniform plexus in spermatic cord.
    ➢8-12 veins lying anterior to ductus deferens & surrounding testicular artery.
    ➢Thermoregulatory function: keep testis at optimal temperature for spermatogenesis.
  • Pampiniform plexus veins form the testicular veins:
  • right testicular vein drains into inferior vena cava.
  • left testicular vein drains into left renal vein
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17
Q
A
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18
Q

Innervation of testis

A
  • Autonomic nerves:
    ➢Testicular plexus of nerves
    on the testicular artery.
    ➢Contains sympathetic and visceral afferent fibers from T10(-T11); parasympathetic from Vagus nerve.
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19
Q

Lymphatic drainage of testis

A

Right and left lumbar (caval/aortic) and pre- aortic lymph nodes.

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20
Q

The epididymis is an

A

Elongated structure on the posterior surface of testis

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21
Q

Efferent ductules (of the epididymis) function

A

transport sperm from rete testis to epidiymis.

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22
Q

The epididymis is composed of

A

of a tightly packed convoluted duct

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23
Q

The epididymis consists of

A

➢ Head: superior expanded part.
➢ Composed of lobules from the coiled ends of 12-14 efferent ductules.
➢ Body: major part, convoluted duct.
➢ Tail: continues as the ductus deferens (duct that transports sperm to the ejaculatory duct).

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24
Q
A
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25
Q

Vas (ductus) deferens structure:

A

Thick-walled muscular tube, thin lumen

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26
Q

Vas (ductus) deferens course

A
  • originates from tail of epididymis at inferior pole of testis.
  • Ascends posterior to testis, medial to epididymis.
  • Travels through spermatic cord.
  • Passes through anterior abdominal wall in the inguinal canal.
  • Courses over external iliac vessels & enters pelvis.
  • Passes on lateral wall pelvis, underneath parietal peritoneum.
  • Crosses superior to ureter near posterolateral angle of bladder → joins duct of seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct.
  • Ampulla: enlarged part before its termination.
27
Q
A
28
Q

Seminal vesicles/glands is an _______ structure

A

Elongated

29
Q

Seminal vesicles/glands located

A

between fundus of bladder and rectum

30
Q

Seminal vesicles/glands orientated

A

obliquely superior to the prostate gland

31
Q

Superior ends of the seminal vesicles/glands are

A

posterior to ureters & covered by peritoneum.

32
Q

Superior ends of the seminal vesicles/glands separated from the rectum by

A

rectovesical pouch

33
Q

Inferior ends of the seminal vesicles/glands are closely related to

A

ectum, separated by rectovesical septum.

34
Q

Seminal vesicles/glands produces

A

alkaline fluid with fructose (nutrition) and coagulating substance.

35
Q

Forms ejaculatory duct

A

Duct of seminal vesicle joins ductus deferens

36
Q
A
37
Q
A
38
Q

Ejaculatory ducts Arise from

A

the union of seminal vesicle & ductus deferens:
Near neck of bladder, pass through posterior part of prostate gland.
➢Open into urethra on seminal colliculus, lateral to prostatic utricle (refer to prostate lecture).

39
Q
A
40
Q

Scrotum is a

A

Cutaneous fibromuscular sac containing testes and epididymi.

41
Q

The scrotum consists of 2 layers:

A

skin & dartos fascia (continuous Scarpa’s fascia of anterior abdominal wall) which contains dartos muscle

42
Q

dartos muscle function (of scrotum)

A

Contracts to wrinkle skin (thermoregulation)

43
Q

Scrotum location

A

Posteroinferior to penis and inferior to pubic symphysis.

44
Q

Scrotum is divided into two compartments by

A

the septum (derived from dartos fascia)

45
Q

Midline scrotal raphe

A

is external marking of septum– continuous with penile raphe and perineal raphe.
- Line of fusion of labioscrotal swellings

46
Q

Lymphatic drainage of scrotum

A

to superficial inguinal nodes.

47
Q
A
48
Q
A
49
Q

Spermatic cord begins at

A

deep inguinal ring, passes through inguinal canal, exits via superficial inguinal ring ends scrotum at posterior border of testis

50
Q

Spermatic cord contains

A

structures running to or coming from testes, suspends testes in scrotum.

51
Q
A
52
Q

Contents of spermatic cord

A
  • Ductus deferens.
  • Arteries (testicular, ductus deferens, cremasteric).
  • Veins (pampiniform plexus, testicular, cremasteric).
  • Nerves (sympathetic & parasympathetic, genital branch of genitofemoral, ilioinguinal).
  • Lymphatic vessels.
53
Q
A
54
Q
A
55
Q
A
56
Q
A
57
Q

Lymphatic drainage of testis

A

lymphatic drainage into right & left lumbar and pre-aortic nodes (travel with testicular artery and vein).

58
Q

Lymphatic drainage of scrotum

A

drain into superficial inguinal nodes.

59
Q

Bulbourethral glands location

A

Posterolateral to urethra, embedded in the external urethral sphincter

60
Q

Bulbourethral glands ducts

A

pass through perineal membrane and open into spongy urethra at the bulb of the penis.

61
Q

Bulbourethral glands ducts functions

A

Mucous secretion into urethra during sexual arousal.

62
Q
A
62
Q
A
63
Q
A

Anatomy 314 - Urogen (10 decks)

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