Lecture 6- female genital system (internal structures) Flashcards
Internal female genital organs
Vagina
uterus
uterine tubes
ovaries
the Vagina is
- A Distensible fibromuscular tube.
- Copulatory organ of females.
The vagina courses
posterosuperiorly from the perineum through the pelvic floor into the pelvic cavity.
The superior end of the vagina surrounds…
The cervix.
Internal end of the vag is enlarged:
vaginal vault.
fornix of the vagina
– 4 parts: anterior, posterior, 2 lateral fornices.
- Forms a recess around cervix
Vaginal canal:
normally collapsed.
* Opens inferiorly into vestibule.
➢ Posterior to urethral opening.
Vagina relations
Anterior: fundus of bladder and urethra
Lateral: Levator ani, pelvic fascia, and ureters
Posterior: Rectouterine pouch, rectum, and anal canal
Vagina sphincters
Four muscles compress vagina and act as
sphincters:
Pubovaginalis
External urethral sphincter
Urethrovaginal sphincter
Bulbospongiosus
The uterus is
- A Thick-walled hollow muscular organ between bladder and rectum.
the uterus consists of
body (including fundus) and cervix.
The uterus joins the vagina
inferiorly via cervix.
Uterine tubes project
laterally from superior part of uterus.
Uterine tubes open into
peritoneal cavity adjacent to ovaries.
Uterine cavity is continuous with
uterine tube lumen & central canal of cervix.
Blastocyst implants into
body of uterus.
Uterus expands into abdominal cavity during
pregnancy.
Uterus position
- Anteverted (tipped anterosuperiorly to axis of vagina) and anteflexed (flexed anteriorly to cervix).
- Lies over the bladder.
Fundus of the uterus
rounded superior part of body of the uterusabove level of uterine tubes.
the body of the uterus lies between
the layers of the broad ligament (peritoneum).
Isthmus:
constricted section separating the uterine body from cervix.
The body of the uterus has 2 surfaces
vesical and intestinal.
The uterus body wall consists of 3 layers:
Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium
Perimetrium:
peritoneum & thin layer of CT.
Myometrium:
middle smooth muscle layer.
➢ Distends during pregnancy.
➢ Contains blood vessels and nerves.
➢ Contracting during birth to push out fetus.
Endometrium:
inner mucous layer.
➢ shed during menstruation.
➢ blastocyst implants here in conception.
The cervix is separated from the uterine body by
isthmus.
In interior of the cervix is called the
cervical canal
Internal os of the cervix opens into the
uterine cavity
External os of the cervix opens into the
vaginal cavity
The cervix has two parts
supravaginal – between isthmus and vagina.
Vaginal – protrudes into vagina.
Uterus relations
- Anterior – superior surface of bladder, vesicouterine pouch.
- Posterior – rectouterine pouch, anterior surface of rectum.
*Lateral – broad ligament, cardinal ligaments, ureters.
Uterine tubes extend from
superior end of uterus body to lateral pelvic wall.
uterine tubes are approx.
10cm long
Uterine tubes are enclosed within
mesosalpinx
(free anterosuperior edge of broad ligament).
Infundibulum of uterine tubes
curves around ovary.
Lumen of uterine tube opens into
peritoneal cavity.
Role of uterine tube in fertilization
➢Receives oocyte during ovulation.
* Site of fertilization of oocyte by spermatozoon.
Uterine tubes parts
▪ Infundibulum with fimbriae
▪ Ampulla
▪ Isthmus
▪ Uterine part
Infundibulum with fimbriae
➢Funnel shaped distal end that opens into peritoneal cavity. ➢Fimbriae spread over the medial surface of ovary.
Ampulla
➢Widest and longest part.
➢fertilization occurs here.
Isthmus
➢Thick-walled part.
Uterine part
➢Passes through wall of uterus
➢Opens via uterine ostium into uterine cavity.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Uvsf6kMtIg
Ligaments associated with uterus
Broad ligament
= sheet-like fold of peritoneum covering uterus, uterine tubes, ovary.
The broad ligament has 3 parts
- Mesometrium
- Mesosalpinx
- Mesovarium
- Mesometrium
attaches to uterus.
Mesosalpinx:
covers uterine tubes.
- Mesovarium:
attaches to ovary.
https://teachmeanatomy.info/pelvis/female- reproductive-tract/ligaments/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bf_sr2qRRWs
reproductive function of ovaries
- Site of oocyte development
Endocrine function of ovaries
- Secrete hormones
Ovaries are __________ shaped and are located between ______
- almond-shaped
- uterus and lateral pelvic walls, inferior to pelvic inlet.
Ovaries are attached by peritoneal folds:
Suspensory ligaments (contains ovarian vessels) which becomes continuous with:
➢ Mesovarium.
* Ligament of ovary – attaches uterine end of ovary to lateral angle of uterus.
* Round ligament – runs from lateral angle of uterus through inguinal canal.
* Ovarian and round ligaments: located within the
broad ligament.
Ovaries develop on
posterior abdominal wall and descend before birth – drag vessels, lymphatics & nerves with them.
The site of egg production (oogenesis)
Ovaries
Mature eggs ovulated into peritoneal cavity from puberty– directed by fimbria into uterine tubes.
This results in
The surface of ovary becomes scarred
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ml29ezbvMuY
Arterial supply of uterus
mainly uterine, also ovarian arteries
Arterial supply of uterine tubes
branches of ovarian & uterine arteries.
Arterial supply of vagina
superior part by uterine artery, middle and inferior parts by vaginal and internal pudendal arteries.
Arterial supply of ovaries
branches of ovarian & uterine arteries.
Arterial supply of ovarian arteries
originate from abdominal aorta.
Arteries of internal female genitals travel
in suspensory ligament.
Uterine, vaginal & internal pudendal originate from
Internal iliac artery
Veins draining ovaries & uterine tubes
form pampiniform plexus in broad ligament near ovary & uterine tube → drain into ovarian vein (travels with ovarian artery in suspensory ligament) → right drains into inferior vena cava / left drains into left renal vein.
Uterovaginal venous plexus:
Veins draining vagina and uterus form vaginal venous plexus, continuous with uterine venous plexus → drain into uterine vein →internal iliac vein.
