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NURS 100 > lecture 9: life cycle nutrition mom to baby > Flashcards

lecture 9: life cycle nutrition mom to baby Flashcards

1
Q

Inadequate nutrition for placenta

A

placenta fails to function/form properly

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2
Q

what BMI should you conceive a child at

A

18.5-24.9

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3
Q

Teenage Pregnancies

A
  • higher risk of miscarriages, stillbirths, low birthweight
  • normal teenagers need to gain 15-35lbs
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4
Q

preg developmental xtra calories

A

Not that much extra per day*** know the numbers
1st Trimester (1-12W): None
2nd Trimester (13-27W): 340 extra kcal/day
3rd Trimester (28-40W): 450 extra kcal/day

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5
Q

carbs when preg

A

Fuels fetal brain; spares proteins needed for fetal growth
Vegetables, whole grains, fibre-rich foods alleviate pregnant constipation

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6
Q

proteins when preg

A

RDA for pregnancy is higher by 25 grams/day*** more than what it is
Usually most women already exceed recommended intake

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7
Q

fats when preg

A

Essential fatty acids needed for growth/development of fetus
Omega-3, Omega-6 fatty acids needed for growth

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8
Q

To get Essential Fatty Acids females should…

A

eat 150g of cooked fish per week*
low mercury: salom, trout, herring, pollock*
high mercury: fresh/frozen tuna, shark, swordfish, marlin***

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9
Q

need for folate

A

New cells laid down at tremendous pace as fetus grows
Recommendations higher during pregnancy:
Non-Pregnant: 400 mcg DFE/day
Pregnant: 600 mcg DFE/day; + 400 mcg supplement

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10
Q

neural tube defects

A

Neural tube fails to close properly; 260 cases/year
Anencephaly: Brain development fails (lethal, but rare)
Spina Bifida: Spine and backbone don’t develop normally; far more common
Spinal cord protrudes in a sack; can lead to paralysis

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11
Q

obtain ______ mcg of folate from supplements + folate rich foods**

A

400

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12
Q

Need for Vitamin B12

A

B12 assists folate in making new cells
Eating any meat, eggs, dairy provides all B12 needed
Excluding animal products = need fortified foods/supplements
Be careful with too much folate; it masks B12 deficiency symptoms

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13
Q

need for iron

A

Pregnant women need 3x more iron
Fetus draws on mother’s iron stores -> enough for first 6 months
Fetus takes iron even if your stores are inadequate (fetus takes priority)
Blood loss during birth further drains iron stores
Recommendations:
All pregnant women take 16-20 mg iron multivitamin during 2nd and 3rd trimesters

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14
Q

Need for Magnesium and Zinc

A

Mg for bone/tissue growth, Zn for protein synth/cell development
Severe zinc deficiency is linked to low birthweight
Provided by protein-rich foods; absorption may be hindered by iron, fibre, other elements

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15
Q

need for calcium

A

The RDA (amount needed) doesn’t change, but you absorb 2x as much
Mineral is stored in mother’s bones and mobilized when fetal bones calcify
In final weeks, >300 mg/day is transferred to fetus
Adequate calcium intake during pregnancy important to conserve mother’s bone mass
Most women do not meet RDA for calcium -> increase intake with food + supplements

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16
Q

what is not a prenatal vitamin***

A

vitamin a

17
Q

prenatal supplement summary:

A

0.4mg (400 mcg) Folate, by multivitamin
16-20 mg Iron, by multivitamin
Usually prenatal vitamins have more folate, iron, calcium than regular

18
Q

gain recommended weight range for preg based on…**

A

pre-preg BMI

19
Q

BMI AND RECOMMENDED WEIGHT GAIN**

A

Underweight (<18.5)
28-40lbs (12.5-18kg)

Healthy Weight (18.5-24.9)
25-35lbs (11.5-16kg)

Overweight (25.0-29.9)
15-25lbs (7-11.5kg)

Obese (30+)
11-20lbs (5-9kg)

20
Q

Physical Activity During Pregnancy:

A

YES, can continue being active safely (cleared by doctor)
Benefits: Should know but sort of givens*
Mood + Self Esteem
Appropriate Weight Gain

21
Q

Heartburn

A

Caused by pressure of growing baby on abdomen as well as hormones
- Make sure any antacids you take are cleared by a doctor

22
Q

Constipation

A

Caused by hormones, growing baby, need for more absorption of nutrients

23
Q

Foodborne Illness and Increased Risk

A

Listeriosis: Can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, brain/other infections

24
Q

megadosing on vitamins/minerals

A

Toxic in excess; pretty much just Vitamin A
Vitamin A: Single massive dose (100x intake) can cause birth defects; or chronic high vitamin A

25
Q

Dangerous Dieting

A

Don’t diet during pregnancy; don’t restrict calories

26
Q

Sugar Substitutes

A

Caution against excessive use; not unsafe but may replace nutrient-dense foods

27
Q

Caffeine

A

Can cross placenta and fetus can’t fully metabolize it;
Limit to 300 mg/day; 400mL of coffee; caution with herbal teas and strong teas

28
Q

what should baby be exclusively given for the 1st 6 months*

A

BREASTFEEDING*
but can continue from 6 months to 2 yrs

29
Q

production of breast milk

A
  • mom produces about 750mL/3 cups per day
  • amount produced depends on infants demand for milk***
    takes 500 kcal extra/day during 1st 6 months
    recommendation of extra intake of 330 kcal /day
30
Q

breastfeeding benefits for baby

A

Appropriate nutrient composition with high bioavailability
Hormones that promote development
Improves cognitive development
Protects against infection (mom’s antibodies)
May protect against chronic diseases, food allergies

31
Q

breastfeeding benefits for mom

A

Helps contract uterus (back to normal size)
Delays return of regular ovulation (spacing out the kids)
Conserves iron stores
May protect against breast/ovarian cancer

32
Q

all babies nutrients need for 1st 6 months from breastfeeding except _________ in drops

A

recommendation: 400 IU/10 mcg supplement for healthy breastfed infants***

33
Q

Colostrum

A

In the first 2-3 days of lactation; a pre-milk substance with antibodies and white cells from mother’s blood; protects newborns from infections that mom has antibodies for

34
Q

formula feeding**

A

must use iron-fortified** cows milk infant formula

35
Q

First Foods for an Infant

A

Signs of readiness start at 6 months; sitting up, head up, leaning forward
Can be unsafe to introduce foods at <6 months; immature GI tract, breast is better + immune
Doesn’t help a baby sleep through the night to introduce earlier
Most attention nutrients: Iron and Vitamin C*

36
Q

Whole (3.25%) Cow’s Milk

A

Introduce it at 9 months-12 months if baby is eating iron foods 2x/day*

37
Q

To avoid choking

A

avoid popcorn**, gum, hard/gel candy, sausage/hotdog, marshmallow

38
Q

WatchMojo’s Top 10 Common Food Allergens***

A

Peanuts
Tree Nuts
Sesame Seeds
Milk
Eggs
Fish/Shellfish
Wheat
Soy
Sulphites
Mustard

NURS 100 (8 decks)

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