Lecture 9: Issues in Immunology Flashcards
What are the types of immune deficiencies?
Primary Immune Deficiencies
-Genetic
Secondary Immune Deficiencies
-Acquired
What is a Type I Hypersensitivity?
Allergy and Atopy
-Ag causes IgE bound to MAST cells to release histamines
What is a Type II Hypersensitivity?
Antibody-Mediated Hypersensitivity
-IgG or IgM antibodies attack cell surface antigens and kill cells via complement or ADCC
What is Type III Hypersensitivity?
Immune Complexes
-Ag-Ab complexes deposit in tissues and induce complement activation and inflammation in that tissue
What is Type IV Hypersensitivity?
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity
-Th Cells release cytokines which activate Macrophages or Tc Cells that cause cellular damage
What kind of hypersensitivity is a cat allergy and what is involved?
Type I Hypersenstivity
- Caused by Fel d 1 antigen protein
- Th2 and IgE induced responses
- Cause MAST/Basophils to release histamine
What kind of hypersensitivity is a transfusion reaction? What about Erythroblastosis Fetalis?
Both Type II Hypersensitivity
-ABO compatibility
What is ABO blood typing?
ABO Blood Groups
Have 1 of the following antigens attached to RBCs:
1) Type A antigen
2) Type B antigen
3) Type AB antigen (both A and B)
4) Type O Antigen (neither A or B)
You have antibodies for the other antigens
What kinds of antibodies do you have and who are your potential donors for all the blood types?
Type O
- Antibodies for A, B and AB
- Potential Donors: Type O
Type A
- Antibodies for B and AB
- Potential Donors: Type O or A
Type B
- Antibodies for A and AB
- Potential Donors: Type O or B
Type AB
- No Antibodies b/c these RBCs have both A&B
- Potential Donors: Type O, A, B, or AB
How does Erythroblastosis Fetalis develop?
Antigen D (AKA Rh) is found on RBCs of developing fetus
If mom is Rh negative but fetus is positive then its okay b/c this is the 1st time seeing antigens
Mom gives birth, is exposed to baby’s Rh, mounts B Cell response and develops memory B Cells
If 2nd pregnancy is Rh positive then mom has memory B cells that release IgG that cross placental barrier and destroy fetal blood supply
What is RhoGAM?
If mom is Rh negative but baby is Rh Positive then mom can take this medication during pregnancy which prevents Mom’s B Cell activation and memory cell formation
What kind of Hypersensitivity is transplant rejection?
Type IV Hypersensitivity
-Tissue rejection due to HLA Incompatibility
What is the most successful type of transplant?
Bone Marrow transplant to cure genetic immune disorders
What is PGD?
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD)
-select for proper embryo to ensure bone marrow/HLA match before implantation
Destroy bad bone marrow w/ chemo then implant donor marrow and let regrow
What blood type is the universal donor and which is the universal recipient?
Universal Donor is Type O
Universal Recipient is Type AB
