Lecture 9: Intro to Cardiovascular Physiology Flashcards
functions of the cardiovascular system?
- GAS TRANSPORT (delivers oxygen to tissues and returns CO2 to lungs)
- regulates body temp
- transports hormones to site of action
- transports waste
- transports nutrients
- stabilize pH
- transport cells that fight infection
what is carbonic anhydrase and why is it so important
an enzyme that facilitates the reaction of CO2+H20 <–> HCO3- + H+
CO2 in the blood generates ____?
H+
why does the body have to constantly transport gases
b/c ATP is not stored, it must be continuously produced in cells by the oxidation of metabolic fuels (Krebs cycle + Oxidative phosphorylation)
Glucose (or fatty acids) + O2 –> CO2+H20+ATP
What issues arise in the absence of carbonic anhydrase
inability to aerobically metabolize glucose and an accumulation of H+ ions
why does an overabundance of positive charges caused by H+ ions interfere with RBCs
too much H+ damages RBCs by binding to hemoglobin and other proteins
protein function is compromised as H+ ions bind to the carboxyl group of the amino acids that make up the proteins, changing their conformation and therefore function
pH of arterial blood
7.45
cannot survive if arterial blood is <6.8 or >8.0
affects of acidosis
denaturation of metabolic enzymes and ion channels
decreased CNS function can lead to coma, death
affects of Alkalosis
neurons become hyper-excitable
tingling, fasciculation, paralysis of respiratory muscles
What are the components of the true circulatory system
muscular pump (heart)
fluid (blood)
conduits (blood vessels)
what animals lack a true circulatory system and why
sponges, jellyfish and flatworms
they do have a contractile pumping device
what are platelets formed from
megakaryocytes
the liquid portion of blood is made of _____?
plasma (92% of plasma is water)
plasma contains proteins, electrolytes, gases in solution and nutrients
intracellular vs extracellular fluid
intracellular - fluid contained w/in all body cells
extracellular - blood plasma & interstitial fluid bathes and surrounds cells)
why is blood kept separate from interstitial fluid
bc it has specific transport functions and transport components that aren’t found in the interstitial fluid