Lecture 26: Non-Respiratory Lung Functions Flashcards

1
Q

what are the non-specific defense mechanisms of the lungs

A

mucociliary system
cough
phagocytic cells

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2
Q

what is the specific defense mechanism of the lungs

A

immune system that is controlled by cytokines and chemokines

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3
Q

what is the mucociliary blanket

A

mucous gel + sol
cilia beat within a sol layer that moves the mucous and particulates up and out of respiratory system

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4
Q

what cell type makes up a majority of the alveolar lining fluids

A

macrophages - kill and remove particulates

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5
Q

what things depress the activity of alveolar macrophages

A

glucocorticoids, corticosteroids and hypoxia

also viral activity which can lead to secondary infections

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6
Q

how do endotherms respond to changes in temperature

A

by changing their metabolic rate = rate at which they consume O2 and produce CO2

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7
Q

what is the thermoneutral zone

A

zone in which an endotherm can respond to changes in temp w/out having to use lots of E

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8
Q

what are the mechanisms endotherms utilize in the thermoneutral zone

A
  • pilomotor responses (fluffing hair/feathers)
  • changing rate of blood flow to the skin
  • postural response to alter the surface area exposed to environment
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9
Q

what are responses that allow for evaporative cooling in endotherms

A

sweating
panting
cular fluttering
**all cost energy

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10
Q

what is the benefit of countercurrent heat exchange

A

decreases heat loss b/w arteries and veins

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