Lecture 26: Non-Respiratory Lung Functions Flashcards
what are the non-specific defense mechanisms of the lungs
mucociliary system
cough
phagocytic cells
what is the specific defense mechanism of the lungs
immune system that is controlled by cytokines and chemokines
what is the mucociliary blanket
mucous gel + sol
cilia beat within a sol layer that moves the mucous and particulates up and out of respiratory system
what cell type makes up a majority of the alveolar lining fluids
macrophages - kill and remove particulates
what things depress the activity of alveolar macrophages
glucocorticoids, corticosteroids and hypoxia
also viral activity which can lead to secondary infections
how do endotherms respond to changes in temperature
by changing their metabolic rate = rate at which they consume O2 and produce CO2
what is the thermoneutral zone
zone in which an endotherm can respond to changes in temp w/out having to use lots of E
what are the mechanisms endotherms utilize in the thermoneutral zone
- pilomotor responses (fluffing hair/feathers)
- changing rate of blood flow to the skin
- postural response to alter the surface area exposed to environment
what are responses that allow for evaporative cooling in endotherms
sweating
panting
cular fluttering
**all cost energy
what is the benefit of countercurrent heat exchange
decreases heat loss b/w arteries and veins