LECTURE 9 Fungal genomes, genomics

Question 1

What was the first sequenced fungus?

Answer 1

S. cerevisia

Question 2

What is the size of fungal genomes?

Answer 2

Between 12Mb-60Mb

Question 3

How many fungal genomes have been sequenced so far?

Answer 3

Almost 80

Question 4

how may fungal genome sequences is the aim?

Answer 4

1000 Fungal Genomes

Question 5

web was the yeast S. cerevisiae genome first published?

Answer 5

in 1996

Question 6

How many Bp, ORFs and chromosomes are present in the S. cerevisiae genome

Answer 6

12,156 677 base pairs
6,275 ORFs
16 chromosomes

Question 7

In the eukaryotic model system what is the doubling time at 30 degrees celcius?

Answer 7

90mins

Question 8

What is this genome used to understand?

Answer 8

Fundamental questions in gene regulation, transcription, translation, signalling and cellular transport

Question 9

What is the second sequenced fungus?

Answer 9

Neurospora crassa genome

Question 10

when was the Neurospora crassa genome published

Answer 10

2003

Question 11

Ascomycetes model system used for?

Answer 11

Genetics, molecular biology, genome defence, DNA methylation, circadian rhythms, DNA repair

Question 12

Genome discovered by?

Answer 12

Beadle and Tatum 1940s

Question 13

what was their hypothesis

Answer 13

One-gene-one-enzyme hypothesis

Question 14

what prize was awarded to them and when

Answer 14

Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1958

Question 15

N. crassa and secondary metabolism

Answer 15

• 4 NRPs genes
• 7 PKS enzyme genes
• Several Diterpene metabolism gene

Question 16

how many species does Aspergilli have?

Answer 16

more than 250

Question 17

examples of Aspergilli species

Answer 17

Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus niger
Aspergillus terreus

Question 18

what economical importance do they have?

Answer 18

medical, biotechnological, industrial importance

Question 19

Aspergillus flavus SM genes

Answer 19

• 31 PKS genes
• 28 NRPs genes
• 2 PKS + NRPS hybrid
• 7 Dimethylallyl tryptophan synthase * 1 Pigment biosynthesis

Question 20

impact of penicillin and derived β-lactam antibiotics

Answer 20

Penicillins & β-lactam antibiotics drastically improved healthcare and life quality post-Fleming’s discovery.

Question 21

industrial Strains Origin

Answer 21

Derived from P. chrysogenum strain NRRL1951, isolated during WWII from an infected cantaloupe.

Question 21

where is Fusarium spp widely distributed

Answer 21

Widely distributed on plants and in the soil

Question 22

where is Fusarium spp found?

Answer 22

in normal mycoflora of commodities, such
as rice, bean, soybean, and other crops

Question 23

Fusarium spp is known as?

Answer 23

Common contaminant and a well-known plant pathogen

Question 24

Fusarium spp. may cause various infections in?

Answer 24

humans

Question 25

what are the important species

Answer 25

Fusarium oxysporum
Fusarium verticillioides
Fusarium solani

Question 26

Infections of Fusarium spp are called

Answer 26

fusariosis

Question 27

fusariosis can cause?

Answer 27

Keratitis, Endophthalmitis, Otitis media,
Cutaneous infections, Pulmonary infections

Question 28

what do they produce?

Answer 28

mycotoxins, allergic and carcinogenic

Question 29

Fumonisins produced in maize causes what?

Answer 29

oesophageal cancers