Lecture 9 - First Eukaryotes Flashcards
1
Q
oldest unicellular and multicellular organisms
A
Oldest UNIcellular
- > 2.0 billion yo
Oldest MULTIcellular
- > 1.2 billion yo
- > likely red alga, found in the Canadian Arctic
- > cellular differentiation and reproduction evident
2
Q
List the 4 main eukaryote “supergroups”
A
- Excavata
- “sar” dade
- Archaeplastida
- Unikonta
3
Q
Are protistis monophyletic
A
NO
4
Q
Key innovation of early eukaryotic evolution
A
- Cytoskeleten
- Compartments
- Mitosis, diploidy, meiosis and sex
5
Q
which processes use the cytoskeleton for internal cellular movement
A
- Cytoplasmic streaming
- Mitosis and meisois
6
Q
which processes/structures use the cytoskeleton for external cellular movement
A
- Flagella
- Pseudopods (amoeboid motion)
- Phagotrophy
7
Q
compartmentalization
A
- > allows cells to maintain separate internal environments
8
Q
primary endosymbiosis hypothesis
A
- > early eukaryotes engulfed aerobic prokartyotes (use O2/ mitochondria) and photosynthetic prokaryotes (w/chloroplasts) and established a symbiotic relationship rather then digesting prokaryotic the organism
9
Q
Evidence of primary endosymbiosis hypothesis in terms of the mitochondria
A
- Two membranes
- > outer from host food vacuole
- > inner from bacterial endosymbiont - Chromosomes are circular
- > mitochondria DNA is closely related to alphaproteobacteria DNA
10
Q
Evidence of primary endosymbiosis hypothesis in terms of the chloroplast
A
- Two membranes
- > outer from host food vacuole
- > inner from bacterial endosymbiont - Chromosomes are circular
- DNA is closely related to cyanobacterial DNA
11
Q
Endogenous origin vs Endosymbiotic Origin of cells
A
Endogenous origin
- > Endogenous substances and processes are those that originate from within a system such as an organism, tissue, or cell
Endosymbiotic origin
- > organism/organelle was engulfed and used by cell
