Lecture 9 - Finding Food At Sea Flashcards

0
Q

What is a major problem for warm blooded animals in oceans?

A

Heat loss

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1
Q

How much denser is water than air?

A

800 x

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2
Q

What are Reynold’s numbers?

A

Inertia /viscosity

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3
Q

What problem does as oceanic habitat pose for large animals?

A

Inertia is high therefore a lot of effort is required to get moving

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4
Q

What is a problem of an oceanic environment for small animals?

A

Viscosity is high

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5
Q

What poses a significant disadvantage of predation in marine environments opposed to terrestrial environments?

A

The ocean is a 3D environment were as on land most predator/prey can only move in one plane, sometimes 2

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6
Q

What are the layers of the ocean?

A
Epipelagic zone
Mesopelagic zone
Bathypelagic zone
Abyssopelagic zone
Hadalpelagic zone
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7
Q

What is a problem for vision in the ocean?

A

Loose both quantity and quality of light as descend, as well as shifting the blue. Only 1% remains at 100m

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8
Q

What is difficult about harvesting primary producers in the ocean?

A

They are clustered and shift temporally

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9
Q

Outline the basic oceanic food web

A

Phytoplankton –> zooplankton –> benthic invertebrates/ benthic fish / pelagic fish

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10
Q

Give an example of a diatom

A

Thalassionema nitzschoides it is phytoplankton

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11
Q

Give an example of a flagellate

A

Ceratium tripos they are all phytoplankton

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12
Q

What do herbivorous oceanic species feed on?

A

Phytoplankton they are normally zooplankton

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13
Q

Give an example of a herbivorous oceanic species

A

Calanus ferimorchians

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14
Q

Give an example of a carnivorous aquatic copepod

A

Pereuchaeta norvegica

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15
Q

What is krill?

A

Small shrimp like animals

16
Q

Why does the antarctic have a diverse oceanic ecosystem?

A

24 hour daylight can sustain large volumes of phytoplankton

17
Q

What are the movements of phytoplankton dependent upon?

A

The currents due to drifting nutrient sources

18
Q

What clade are whales in?

A

Cetartiodactyla

19
Q

What order are the whales?

20
Q

What are the two whale sub orders?

A

Odontoceti (toothed whales)

Mysticeti (baleen whales)

21
Q

What are toothed whales?

A

Odontoceti

22
Q

What are baleen whales?

23
Q

What are the classes of odontoceti?

A
Platanistidae (river dolphins)
Ziphiidae (beaked whales)
Physeteridae (sperm whales)
Monodontidae (beluga and narwhals)
Delphinidae (dolphins, orcas and porpoises)
24
What is the diet of river dolphins?
Squid and fish
25
What is the diet of sperm whales?
Almost exclusively squid
26
What is the diet of delphinidae?
Fish
27
How have Orcas adapted to hunt schools of herring?
They move in synchronised groups to herd the herring to the surface therefore creating a 2D environment
28
How have humpback whales adapted to feed on schools of fish?
Bubble netting condenses the fish
29
What are the classes of mysticeti?
Eschrichtidae (gray whales) Balenopteridae ( blue, humpback and finback whales) Balaenidae (right whales)