Lecture 9 - Finding Food At Sea

Question 0

What is a major problem for warm blooded animals in oceans?

Answer 0

Heat loss

Question 1

How much denser is water than air?

Answer 1

800 x

Question 2

What are Reynold’s numbers?

Answer 2

Inertia /viscosity

Question 3

What problem does as oceanic habitat pose for large animals?

Answer 3

Inertia is high therefore a lot of effort is required to get moving

Question 4

What is a problem of an oceanic environment for small animals?

Answer 4

Viscosity is high

Question 5

What poses a significant disadvantage of predation in marine environments opposed to terrestrial environments?

Answer 5

The ocean is a 3D environment were as on land most predator/prey can only move in one plane, sometimes 2

Question 6

What are the layers of the ocean?

Answer 6

Epipelagic zone
Mesopelagic zone
Bathypelagic zone
Abyssopelagic zone
Hadalpelagic zone

Question 7

What is a problem for vision in the ocean?

Answer 7

Loose both quantity and quality of light as descend, as well as shifting the blue. Only 1% remains at 100m

Question 8

What is difficult about harvesting primary producers in the ocean?

Answer 8

They are clustered and shift temporally

Question 9

Outline the basic oceanic food web

Answer 9

Phytoplankton –> zooplankton –> benthic invertebrates/ benthic fish / pelagic fish

Question 10

Give an example of a diatom

Answer 10

Thalassionema nitzschoides it is phytoplankton

Question 11

Give an example of a flagellate

Answer 11

Ceratium tripos they are all phytoplankton

Question 12

What do herbivorous oceanic species feed on?

Answer 12

Phytoplankton they are normally zooplankton

Question 13

Give an example of a herbivorous oceanic species

Answer 13

Calanus ferimorchians

Question 14

Give an example of a carnivorous aquatic copepod

Answer 14

Pereuchaeta norvegica

Question 15

What is krill?

Answer 15

Small shrimp like animals

Question 16

Why does the antarctic have a diverse oceanic ecosystem?

Answer 16

24 hour daylight can sustain large volumes of phytoplankton

Question 17

What are the movements of phytoplankton dependent upon?

Answer 17

The currents due to drifting nutrient sources

Question 18

What clade are whales in?

Answer 18

Cetartiodactyla

Question 19

What order are the whales?

Answer 19

Cetacea

Question 20

What are the two whale sub orders?

Answer 20

Odontoceti (toothed whales)

Mysticeti (baleen whales)

Question 21

What are toothed whales?

Answer 21

Odontoceti

Question 22

What are baleen whales?

Answer 22

Mysticeti

Question 23

What are the classes of odontoceti?

Answer 23

Platanistidae (river dolphins)
Ziphiidae (beaked whales)
Physeteridae (sperm whales)
Monodontidae (beluga and narwhals)
Delphinidae (dolphins, orcas and porpoises)

Question 24

What is the diet of river dolphins?

Answer 24

Squid and fish

Question 25

What is the diet of sperm whales?

Answer 25

Almost exclusively squid

Question 26

What is the diet of delphinidae?

Answer 26

Fish

Question 27

How have Orcas adapted to hunt schools of herring?

Answer 27

They move in synchronised groups to herd the herring to the surface therefore creating a 2D environment

Question 28

How have humpback whales adapted to feed on schools of fish?

Answer 28

Bubble netting condenses the fish

Question 29

What are the classes of mysticeti?

Answer 29

Eschrichtidae (gray whales)
Balenopteridae ( blue, humpback and finback whales)
Balaenidae (right whales)