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Animal And Plant Physiology > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

0
Q

What did Merion Thomas observe about Crassulacean plants?

A

They could simultaneously take up both oxygen and carbon dioxide in the dark

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1
Q

What did Benjamin Heyne note when chewing plants?

A

He described a daily acid taste cycle in certain plants in thr Indian gardens in 1813

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2
Q

Give 3 example of species that can exhibit CAM

A

Cactuses
Agaves
Ephphytes

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3
Q

What are the key characteristics of CAM syndrome?

A

Succulent photosynthetic organs
Stomata open at night
High abundance of the enzymes PEPC and MDH
Diurnal fluctuation of malic acid

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4
Q

What does MDH stand for?

A

Malate dehydrogenase

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5
Q

What does PEPC stand for?

A

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase

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6
Q

When are a CAM plants levels of malic acid at it’s highest?

A

Night

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7
Q

Do PEPC and Rubisco compete for carbon dioxide?

A

No as they are diurnally regulated?

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8
Q

When is PEPC active?

A

Night

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9
Q

When is Rubisco active?

A

Daytime

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10
Q

What does RuBisCo stand for?

A

Ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase

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11
Q

Why do CAM cells have such large vacuoles?

A

To enable storage of large quantities of malic acid

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12
Q

What is the main advantage of the CAM pathway?

A

It increases water efficiency

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13
Q

How much water is lost for each carbon dioxide molecule assimialted in a CAM plant?

A

125

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14
Q

What are the energy costs associated with CAM plants?

A

Pumping malate into the cytoplasm
Generation of PEP for carboxylation
Temporal regulation of PEPC

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15
Q

Where is starch made?

A

In chloroplasts

16
Q

How is the amount of carbon stored regulated in CAM plants?

A

The carbon from the day is stored as starch in chloroplasts for the following night. The photosynthetic partitioning is finely regulated dependent on environmental conditions particularly day length.

17
Q

What are the 6 types of plastids?

A 
Proplastid
Etioplast
Chromoplast
Chloroplast
Leucoplast
Proteinoplast
Elaioplast
Amyloplast
18
Q

What is a chromoplast responsible for?

A

Pigmentation

19
Q

What is an amyloplast responsible for?

A

Making and storing starch

20
Q

What is an elaioplast responsible for?

A

Lipids

21
Q

What is a proteinoplast responsible for?

A

Proteins

22
Q

What is endosymbiotic gene transfer?

A

When there is genetic exchange between the endosymbiont and the host

23
Q

How do plastids survive when they only have about 10% of the required genes for metabolic capacity?

A

Endosymbiotic gene transfer.

Proteins encoded by genes in the nucleus are sent to the plastid

24
Q

What are stromules?

A

Plastids which can change shape

Animal And Plant Physiology (11 decks)

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