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558 Midterm 2a > Lecture 9: Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Lecture 9: Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

cranial nerves consist of:

  1. ___ ___ fibers that originate in the nuclei of the brainstem (LMNs)
  2. ___ ___ fibers that originate in the peripheral ganglia (trigeminal ganglia)
A

efferent motor; afferent sensory

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2
Q

the corticobulbar pathway ___ at the level of the CN nuclei

A

crosses over / decussates

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3
Q

CN V

A

trigeminal nerve

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4
Q

when a nerve is a mixed nerve, it has both ___ and ___ functions

A

motor; sensory

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5
Q

the trigeminal nerve is a mixed nerve; its motor and sensory roots attach at the ___

A

pons

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6
Q

the trigeminal nerve’s sensory pathway terminates in the ___

A

trigeminal sensory nucleus (outside and away from its cell body in trigeminal ganglia)

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7
Q

muscles closing jaw : masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid :: muscles opening jaw : 1. ___ 2. ___ 3. ___

A
  1. lateral pterygoid
  2. anterior belly of diagastric
  3. mylohyoid

re: trigeminal nerve motor innervation

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8
Q

the tensor veli palatini tenses the velum, whereas the tensor tympani tenses the ___

A

tympanic membrane

re: trigeminal nerve motor innervation

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9
Q

name of the nerve providing sensation for the forehead, eyes, and nose

A

opthamalic nerve

re: trigeminal nerve sensory innervation

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10
Q

name of the nerve providing sensation for the upper lip mucosa, maxilla, upper teeth, cheeks, palate, and maxillary sinus

A

maxillary nerve

re: trigeminal nerve sensory innervation

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11
Q

name of the nerve providing sensation for the anterior 67% of tongue, mandible, lower teeth, lower lip, part of the cheek, and part of the external ear

A

mandibular nerve

re: trigeminal nerve sensory innervation

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12
Q

name of the nerve that supports the following functions:

mastication, articulation, hyolaryngeal elevation, tensing / closure of the soft palate, sensation to the face, teeth, gums, and anterior 67% of the tongue

A

trigeminal nerve / CN V

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13
Q

re: trigeminal nerve / CN V

unilateral UMN damage : no significant motor deficits :: unilateral LMN damage : 1. ___ 2. ___ 3. ___

A
  1. mandible deviates toward side of paralysis / paresis during opening
  2. muscle hypotonia and atrophy
  3. impaired hyolaryngeal elevation
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14
Q

re: trigeminal nerve / CN V

[choose] ___ (UMN / LMN) damage:
hypertonia, slow movements, restricted jaw opening / closing, reduced hyolaryngeal elevation

A

bilateral UMN

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15
Q

re: trigeminal nerve / CN V

[choose] ___ (UMN / LMN) damage:
hypotonia, significantly impaired jaw opening / closing, significantly impaired hyolaryngeal elevation

A

bilateral LMN

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16
Q

in trigeminal nerve ___ testing, the clinician lightly strokes above the eyebrows, the upper lip and central cheek, and between the lower lip and the chin

which three branches are stimulated?

A

sensory;

opthalamic, maxillary, and mandibular, respectively

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17
Q

CN VII

A

facial nerve

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18
Q

the facial nerve is a ___ nerve; its motor and sensory roots attach at the pons

A

mixed

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19
Q

the facial nerve’s sensory pathway terminates in the ___ for taste and the ___ for touch

A

nucleus of the tracts solitaries; spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve

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20
Q

in the facial canal, the greater superficial petrosal, lesser petrosal, and external petrosal meet at the ___

A

geniculate ganglion

21
Q

CN VII monitors muscles of ___; it also innervates the latysma, stylohyoid, stapedius, posterior belly of the digastric, and glands (3)

A

facial expression

re: facial nerve motor innervation

22
Q

name of the nerve sensory to taste (floor of mouth, hard and soft palates) and touch (external ear, auditory meatus)

A

facial nerve / CN VII

re: facial nerve sensory innervation

23
Q

name of the nerve that supports the following functions:

movements of facial expressions, hyolaryngeal elevation, saliva and tear production, and taste at the front of the tongue

A

facial nerve / CN VII

24
Q

___ testing of the ___ nerve includes: looking at facial symmetry, forehead wrinkle, tight eye closure, smile, and maintained resistance of lips and puffed cheeks

A

motor; facial

25
Q

re: facial nerve / CN VII

[choose] (unilateral / bilateral) UMN damage : spastic paralysis of the whole face :: (unilateral / bilateral) UMN damage : contralateral lower face weakness

A

bilateral; unilateral

26
Q

___ testing of the ___ nerve includes: testing taste (salty, sour, bitter, sweet) on each side of the tongue

A

sensory; facial

27
Q

CN IX

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

28
Q

the glossopharyngeal nerve is a mixed nerve; it emerges from the ___, with motor portions originating in the nucleus ambiguus and sensory components in the nucleus solitarius

A

medulla

29
Q

name of the nerve that supports the following functions:

elevation of larynx and pharynx during swallowing, sensory innervation of the tongue and soft palate - including gag reflex

A

glossopharyngeal nerve / CN IX

30
Q

motor and sensory testing of the glossopharyngeal nerve includes testing for ___

A

gag reflex

31
Q

CN X

A

vagus nerve

32
Q

CN XI

A

spinal accessory nerve

33
Q

CN XII

A

hypoglossal nerve

34
Q

the hypoglossal nerve is a ___-only nerve; it originates from the hypoglossal nucleus in the ___

A

motor; medulla

35
Q

the hypoglossal nerve innervates intrinsic muscles of the tongue and innervates these three extrinsic muscles of the tongue: 1. ___ 2. ___ 3. ___

A
  1. genioglossus
  2. hyoglossus
  3. styloglossus

re: hypoglossal nerve motor innervation

36
Q

name of the nerve that supports the following functions:

innervates muscles of the tongue involved in articulation, innervates oral stage swallowing muscles, innervates one pharyngeal stage swallowing muscle

A

hypoglossal nerve / CN XII

37
Q

name of the nerve that conducts these motor testing protocols:

observing tongue at rest, protrude tongue, push tongue against inside of cheek, rapid alteration of tongue movements

A

hypoglossal nerve / CN XII

38
Q

in hypoglossal nerve motor testing, if the patient pushes their tongue weakly against the left cheek then the weakness is on the ___ side

A

right, the side that pushes

39
Q

in hypoglossal nerve motor testing, if the patient pushes their tongue weakly against the right cheek then the weakness is on the ___ side

A

left, the side that pushes

40
Q

re: hypoglossal nerve / CN XII

unilateral UMN damage : ___ tongue weakness :: unilateral LMN damage: ___ tongue weakness

A

contralateral; ipsilateral

41
Q

most of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue : bilaterally innervated :: ___ : contralaterally innervated

re: hypoglossal nerve / CN XII

A

genioglossus - the only one that receives contralateral innervation

42
Q

bilateral UMN and bilateral LMN damage will result in weakness on ___ sides

re: hypoglossal nerve / CN XIi

A

both

43
Q

name of the type of damage most often presenting with reduced range of motion and slow movements in patients with hypoglossus nerve (CN XII) damage

A

bilateral UMN

44
Q

basic facts of CN XI, the spinal accessory nerve

A

motor only, consists of cranial roots (innervate palatal muscles) and spinal root (innervate the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles)

45
Q

name of the nerve whose function is to help turn, tilt, and thrust head forward

A

spinal accessory nerve / CN XI

46
Q

name of the most complex cranial nerve

A

vagus nerve / CN X

47
Q

basic facts of CN X, the vagus nerve

A

contains laryngeal and pharyngeal branches; main functions include voice production and swallowing; sensory innervation responsible for cough reflex and detection of residue after swallow; motor testing includes gag reflex paired with production of “ah”

48
Q

true or false: most cranial nerves receive bilateral LMN innervation

A

false; most CNs receive bilateral UMN innervation

558 Midterm 2a (4 decks)

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