Lecture 11: Swallowing and Cranial Nerves

Question 1

name of the three stages of swallowing

Answer 1

oral phase, pharyngeal phase, and esophageal phase

Question 2

name of the phase when solids are chewed to help form food and liquid into a bolus

re: swallowing

Answer 2

oral preparatory phase

Question 3

name of the phase when the bolus is moved posteriorly into the oropharynx

re: swallowing

Answer 3

oral transit phase

Question 4

name of the phase when the swallow response is triggered (by the “central pattern generator”), followed by the transit of food and liquid into the esophagus

re: swallowing

Answer 4

pharyngeal phase

Question 5

name of the phase when the peristaltic muscle action of smooth muscle moves food and liquid into the stomach

Answer 5

esophageal phase

Question 6

name of the cranial nerve that holds the mouth shut during swallowing

Answer 6

facial nerve / CN VII

Question 7

name of the cranial nerve that relays position of the food bolus in the mouth (via sensory input) during swallowing

Answer 7

trigeminal nerve / CN V (sensory)

Question 8

name of the cranial nerve that controls chewing movements during swallowing

Answer 8

trigeminal nerve / CN V (motor)

Question 9

name of the cranial nerve that senses the arrival of bolus at the palate during swallowing

Answer 9

glossopharyngeal nerve / CN IX

Question 10

name of the cranial nerve that pushes the chewed up bolus up and back against the soft palate during swallowing

Answer 10

hypoglossal nerve / CN XII

Question 11

name of the main cranial nerve that pulls the hyoid up and forward, bringing the larynx beneath the back of the tongue during swallowing

Answer 11

trigeminal nerve / CN V

Question 12

name of the cranial nerve that elevates palate to occlude nasopharynx during swallowing

Answer 12

vagus nerve / CN X (in rapid sequence)

Question 13

name of the cranial nerve that closes laryngeal vestibules (by approximation of vocal folds, ventricular folds, and aryepiglottic folds) during swallowing

Answer 13

vagus nerve / CN X (in rapid sequence)

Question 14

name of the cranial nerve that contracts middle and inferior pharyngeal contractors to narrow pharynx and initiate peristalsis during swallowing

Answer 14

vagus nerve / CN X (in rapid sequence)

Question 15

the following is accomplished by the ___ nerve during swallowing:

closure of: nasal pharynx, velopharyngeal closure, airway

innervation of pharyngeal constrict muscles

Answer 15

hypoglossal nerve / CN XII

Question 16

lip closure, allowing for suction through a straw, is monitored via the ___ nerve during swallowing

Answer 16

facial nerve / CN VII

Question 17

cough reflex is monitored via the sensory part of the ___ nerve during swallowing

Answer 17

vagus nerve / CN X

Question 18

name of the area (of varying sizes across patients) where food and liquid may collect, inherently spilling into the trachea if the swallowing system is unable to initiate or maintain closure

Answer 18

periform sinuses

Question 19

name of the area where a bolus is contained before the swallow

Answer 19

vallecula

Question 20

due to ___, food and liquid may spill from a filled vallecula into the perform sinuses

Answer 20

gravity