Lecture 9- Connective Tissue Flashcards
What does fluid connective tissue contain?
Blood and lymph
What does supportive connective tissue contain?
Cartilage and bone
What does connective tissue proper contain?
Loose connective tissue
Dense connective tissue
What three tissue subunits are under the loose connective tissue division?
Hint: think RAA like a lion
Areolar
Adipose
Reticular
What three tissue subunits are under the dense connective tissue division?
Hint: think REI like the store
Regular
Irregular
Elastic
What is the least specialized connective tissue called?
Areolar connective tissue
What is the structure of collagen fibers?
-Straight and unbranched
-Rope like protein structure which is flexible and very strong
-Does not stretch
What protein allows elastic fibers to be stretched, but also allows fibers to return to original shape
Elastin
What is the arrangement of reticular fibers?
Made up of collagen but in a netlike/branching network
What differs between collagen fibers and reticular fibers? What is similar?
Both contain collagen protein
Arranged differently (collagen fibers=straight and unbranched VS reticular fibers=narrow and branched)
Areolar connective tissue contains _____ cells and _____
Mesenchymal cells and fibroblasts
What is the role of mesenchymal cells in areolar connective tissue?
Multipurpose adult stem cells (can differentiate into any type of connective tissue cell following an injury that needs repairment)
What is the role of fibroblasts in areolar connective tissue?
Secrete polysaccharides and proteins to form extracellular matrix
Areolar connective tissue includes immune cells which contain macrophages. When stimulated, what do macrophages release in order to recruit other immune cells to infected sites?
Cytokines
What is the role of histamine in mast cells that are found in areolar connective tissue?
-Causes vasodilation/increased blood flow at site of injury
-Causes allergic responses
What is the role of heparin in mast cells that are found in areolar connective tissue?
Enhances local blood flow during inflammation and reduces the development of blood clots
Some lymphocytes in immune cells found in areolar connective tissue can develop into ______ cells
Plasma
Make antibodies
Proteins and polysaccharides make up _______ in the ground substance which surrounds cells within areolar connective tissue
Proteoglycan
Proteoglycan consist of a _______ core and _______ branches
Protein core
Polysaccharide branches
What is the function of the negatively charged proteoglycan?
Attracts water which produces ground substance and absorbs shock
What is the main macromolecule that constructs the extracellular matrix?
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
The glycoprotein, laminin, can mainly be found in the _______ membrane
Basement membrane
Right above connective tissue
_______ are unbranched carbohydrate polymers that are composed of disaccharide repeating units
Glycosaminoglycans
What allows glycosaminoglycans to attract water?
Negatively charged group
What type of tissue contains proteoglycans?
Connective tissue
______ tissue consist mostly of fat storage cells and have little extracellular matrix
Adipose tissue
True or false: all individuals have the same number of adipocytes
False
_____ tissue makes up soft organs and are constructed from fibroblasts
Reticular
What type of orientation allows for dense connective tissue regular to have great tensile strength
Parallel
______ and ______ are made up of dense regular connective tissue
Ligaments and tendons
What type of orientation allows for dense connective tissue irregular to have great tensile strength in many directions
Random
What is a prime example of dense irregular connective tissue?
The dermis (first layer) of the skin
Dense connective tissue _____ allows structures to regain original shape after stretching
Elastic
The rib cage and nose are made up of ______ Hyaline
Cartilage
What makes up a template of the embryonic skeleton before bone formation?
Cartilage- Hyaline
What are the three types of cartilage found under supporting connective tissue
Hyaline
Fibrous
Elastic
Which type of cartilage limits movement, resists compression, and prevents bone to bone contact?
Fibrous (fibroelastic)
_____ cartilage are supportive but bend more easily
Elastic
Without ____ bones would be brittle and shatter easily
Collagen
Mineralization gives bones ______
Density
Bones are arranged of _______
Osteocytes
Fluid connective tissue includes _____ and _____
Blood and lymph
What is the interstitial space?
Space surrounding blood vessels
What is the role of fluid connective tissue?
Transport dissolved materials and protects from pathogens
The dermis of the skin is an example of
Areolar CT
Adipose tissue
Dense regular CT
Dense irregular CT
More than one is correct
Dense irregular CT
Proteoglycans refer to
-A large class of non-collagen glycoproteins
-Proteins covalently linked to polysaccharides
-Clear matrix surrounding the fibers
-Large and highly charged polysaccharides
Large and highly charged polysaccharides
Chondrocytes are specialized cells that would be found in
Areolar CT
Dense CT
Fibroelastic cartilage
Bone
Fibroelastic cartilage
