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BMS 300- Unit 1 > Lecture 8- Cell Junctions/Epithelial Tissue > Flashcards

Lecture 8- Cell Junctions/Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What do gap junctions do?

A

Mediate cell to cell communication

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2
Q

What is the purpose of the intercellular channel?

A

Permits direct cell-cell transfer of ions and small molecules

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3
Q

Connexin make up connexon which form ______ _______

A

Connexin make connexon which form intracellular channels

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4
Q

Gap junctions connect the _____ in adjacent ____

A

Cytoplasm
Cells

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5
Q

Gap junctions can couple cells

Electrically
Metabolically
Electrically and metabolically
None of the above

A

Electrically and metabolically

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6
Q

What permits tissue specific gap junctions?

A

Isoforms

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7
Q

Different combinations of connexins create channels that differ in _______ and ______

A

Permeability and regulation

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8
Q

pH, calcium levels, or signals (neurotransmitters) help mediate what in channels?

A

Regulation

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9
Q

Turnover of connexons is rapid and occurs through what process?

A

Exocytosis

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10
Q

What do tight junctions form?

A

Leak proof intercellular seal by the fusion of adjacent cell membranes

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11
Q

What surface do tight junctions form near?

A

Apical surface

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12
Q

What substances are permeable in tight junctions?

What allows permeability to vary?

A

Ions and small molecules

Type of tissue. Some molecules/ions are more permeable in certain tissues

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13
Q

What is the major protein in tight junctions?

A

Claudin

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14
Q

True or false: Claudin has many different isoforms

A

True

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15
Q

What is the permeability of the seal in Claudin?

No permeability
Permeable
Selectively permeable
None of the above

A

Selectively permeable

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16
Q

Dysregulation of claudin proteins can lead to _____ and _____ ____ _____

A

Cancers
Inflammatory bowel diseases

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17
Q

Increased inflammation on a cell has what effect on claudin?

A

Claudin dysfunction and impaired barrier function

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18
Q

When tight junctions are impaired, what happens with epidermal growth factors?

A

They go where they shouldn’t go and the influx contributes to tumorigenesis

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19
Q

What substance helps recover epithelial claudin expression?

A

Probiotics

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20
Q

What type of junction adhere cells to other cells or the extracellular matrix?

A

Anchoring junctions

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21
Q

Adherens junction and desmosomes are formed ______

A

Laterally

22
Q

Hemidesmosomes and focal adhesion are formed ____

A

Basally (basal surface)

23
Q

Adherens junction, desmosomes, hemidesmosomes and focal adhesion are what types of junctions?

A

Anchoring junctions

24
Q

What is the main transmembrane protein for adherens junction and desmosomes?

A

Cadherins

25
Q

What is the main transmembrane protein for hemidesmosomes and focal adhesion?

A

Integrins

26
Q

What filaments do adherens junction and focal adhesions link with?

A

Actin

27
Q

What filaments do demosomes and hemidesmosomes link with?

A

Intermediate filaments

28
Q

Where are adherens junctions located in regards to tight junctions?

A

Below tight junctions

29
Q

What must need to form before a tight junction can assemble?

A

Adherens junctions

30
Q

What element does cadherin structures depend on?

A

Ca2+ ions

31
Q

Mutations that disrupt the production of E-cadherin are often found in what type of cells?

A

Cancer cells

32
Q

What happens when E-cadherin function is gone?

A

Loss of structure/anchoring proteins which leads to spreading/invasive transformation of cancer

33
Q

Since desmosomes play a critical role in tissues subjected to mechanical stress, what tissues may they come in contact with?

A

Myocaridum, bladder, and skin

34
Q

True or false: hemidesmosomes and focal adhesion aid in the interaction of a cell- extracellular matrix

A

True

35
Q

What is the main transmembrane protein for gap junctions?

A

Connexins

36
Q

What is the main transmembrane protein for tight junctions?

A

Claudins

37
Q

What are the four main functions of cell junctions?

Hint: think ASCC

A
  1. Attachment
  2. Separation
  3. Communication
  4. Cell Polarity
38
Q

What is epithelial tissue?

A

Sheets of cells covering all surfaces of the body which are exposed to outside world

Also lines the outside of organs

39
Q

What is the endothelium?

A

Lines the surface of the circulatory system but does not connect to the exterior of body

40
Q

What does the first name of the tissue type denote?

A

Number of layers

Simple=one
Stratified=more than one

41
Q

What does the second name of the tissue type denote?

A

Shape of the cells

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

42
Q

What is the function of simple squamous tissue?

A

-Regulates the passage of substances into tissue
-Typically lines blood vessels and body cavities

Very thin layer

43
Q

What is the function of simple cuboidal tissue?

A

-Secretion and absorption
-Typically found in glandular (secreting) tissue

44
Q

What is the function of simple columnar tissue?

A

-Transportation and absorption
-Contains apical cilia and microvilli
-Usually lines stomach and intestines

45
Q

What is the function of stratified squamous tissue?

A

-Protection
-Example: outer layer of skin

46
Q

What is the function of stratified cuboidal?

A

-Secretion
-Found in excretory ducts of salivary and sweat glands

47
Q

What is the function of stratified columnar?

A

-Secretion
-Found in the mucous membranes

Rare

48
Q

Where is pseudo-stratified columnar tissue located?

A

Lines the upper respiratory tract and usually has a lot of cilia

49
Q

What type of structure does transitional epithelium tissue take on?

Where is it located usually?

A

-Flattened structure when several layers are stretched

-Lines most of urinary tract and allows bladder to expand

50
Q

Cardiac arrhythmia would be most likely associated with the malfunction of

Desmosomes
Adherens junctions
Tight junctions
Hemidesmosomes
None of the above

A

None of the above

51
Q

Mutations in claudins will most likely disrupt the structure of

Desmosomes
Adherens junctions
Tight junctions
Hemidesmosomes
Both a and b

A

Tight junctions

52
Q

Which of the following tissues has a protective function?

Stratified Cuboidal
Stratified squamous
Simple squamous
Stratified columnar
Simple cuboidal
Simple columnar

A

Stratified squamous

BMS 300- Unit 1 (12 decks)

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