Lecture 9: Blood Components: Preparation, Storage, & Shipment Flashcards
Whole blood
Blood collected from donors contains all cellular and liquid element
Whole blood: Components
Parts of blood used for treating patients, including:
RBCs
Plasma
Platelets
cryoprecipitated antihemophiliac factor
Hemotherapy
Use blood or blood components to treat a disease in a patient
Blood Collection bag
a closed system consisting of main bag with needle, tubing, and up to four satellite bags attached
The entire system is sterile
Standard phlebotomy for blood collection bag
450 mL - 500 mL
Blood collection bag: calculations
Reduced Volume factor (A) = weight of patient /110 lb
A x 500 mL = amount of blood to collect
A x 70 mL = amount of anticoagulant needed (B)
70 – B = amount of anticoagulant to remove
Adenine
Used in ATP synthesis
Citrate
Chelated calcium to prevent coagulation
Dextrose
Sugar to support RBC life
CPD, CP2D, CPDA-1
Citrate-phosphate-dextrose
Citrate-phosphate-2-dextrose
Citrate-phosphate dextrose adenine-1
Sodium bisphosphate
Buffer to prevent decreased pH
Shelf life
the amount of storage that blood can take that yields at least 75% of the original RBC still in recipient’s circulation 24 hours after transfusion
What is decreased in stored blood
Glucose, ATP, 2,3-BPG, and pH
Additive solutions for storage
AS-1 contains mannitol
AS-3 contains citrate and phosphate
AS-5 contains mannitol
When must additive solutions be added?
within 72 hours of collection
added to RBCs after plasma is separated off
How long do additives extend shelf life?
42 days
Rejuvenation solution
Contains phosphate, inosine, pyruvate, and adenine
is to restore 2,3-BPG and ATP levels before freezing or transfusing a uni
May be necessary for autologous or rare units
What is whole blood separated into?
RBCs
platelets
fresh-frozen plasma (FFP)
cryoprecipitated antihemophiliac factor
What is added to RBC bag?
AS-1
What happens to platelet bag?
centrifuged to sediment platelets (“hard spin”)
Plasma is separated into FFP bag, leaving platelets with 40 to 70 mL of plasma in platelet bag
What is done to plasma?
either frozen to make FFP within 8 hours of collection or frozen and later thawed in refrigerated conditions to make cryoprecipitate and cryo-poor plasma
All refrigerators, freezers, and platelet incubators must have what for storage?
Recording devices that monitor the temperature at least every 4 hours
Audible alarms that ensure response 24 hours a day
Regular alarm checks
Power failure and alarm activation emergency procedure
Emergency power backups
Calibrated thermometers
Written procedures for all the above
How are RBCs shipped?
Temperature at 1-10oC
cardboard boxes with styrofoam box inside
ice is doubled-bagged and weighs approximately nine pounds
What’s the difference in shipping RBCs and other components?
Components shipped in dry ice
RBCs shipped in wet ice
How are platelets shipped?
At room temp
can survive w/o agitation for a minimum of 24 hours
What is done to receive shipped products?
observe and record the temperature and appearance of units
All problems and dispositions must be documented and stored with blood bank records
What is the process for administrating blood?
Positive identification of patient, sample, and crossmatched unit
normal saline should be infused with blood components
170 micron filter must be used
Leukoreduction filters may be used to reduce the number of leukocytes transfused w/RBCs
What is the maximum transfusion time?
2-4 hours
