Lecture 1

Question 1

Forward Grouping

Answer 1

Detection of antigens on patients RBCs using known commercial antisera

Question 2

Reverse Grouping

Answer 2

Detection of ABO antibodies in serum of patients using known commercial RBCs

Question 3

What is the most common blood types

Answer 3

A+ and O+

Question 4

ABO antibodies are

Answer 4

IgM
Activate complement
React at room temperature or colder

Question 5

At what point are ABO antibodies too low to detect?

Answer 5

~3 to 6 months of age
because some, or all, of the antibodies present may be IgG maternal antibodies that have crossed the placenta

Question 6

When does antibody production peak?

Answer 6

between 5 and 10 years of age

Question 7

What is predominating class of immunoglobulins in group O?

Answer 7

IgG

Question 8

What Chromosome is ABO genes found on?

Answer 8

Chromosome 9

Question 9

What type of gene is O type

Answer 9

O gene is recessive
It is not expressed unless this gene is inherited from both parents (OO)

Question 10

Blood group A

Answer 10

Antigen: A
Antibody: B
Genotype: AA or AO

Question 11

Blood Group B

Answer 11

Antigen: B
Antibody: A
Genotype: BB or BO

Question 12

Blood Group AB

Answer 12

Antigen: Both A and B
Antibody: None
Genotype: AB

Question 13

Blood Group O

Answer 13

Antigen: None
Antibody: A and B
Genotype: OO

Question 14

ABH Antigen: H Transferase and Sugar

Answer 14

Glycosyltransferase: a-2-L fucosyltransferase
Sugar: L-fucose

Question 15

ABH Antigen: A Transferase and Sugar

Answer 15

Glycosyltransferase: a-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
Sugar: N-acetyl-D-galactosamine

Question 16

ABH Antigen: B Transferase and Sugar

Answer 16

Glycosyltransferase: A-3-D-galactosyltransferase
Sugar: D-galactose

Question 17

Where are most ABH antigens found

Answer 17

~25 to 50% of the number of antigenic sites found on the adult RBC

Question 18

What other gene does type O have?

Answer 18

H gene (HH or Hh)

Question 19

What gene is more present?

Answer 19

H gene

Question 20

What H genes are rare?

Answer 20

Hh
hh is the most rare

Question 21

hh

Answer 21

genotype hh is extremely rare
does not produce α -2-L-fucosyltransferase and as a result cannot add L-fucose to type 2 chain and H substance is not expressed on RBC

Question 22

Bombay

Answer 22

term used to refer to phenotypes that lack normal expression of ABH antigens

Question 23

A gene

Answer 23

higher concentrations of transferase than the B gene.
Results in almost complete conversion of the H antigen on RBC to A antigen sites

Question 24

Which type has the most antigenic sites?

Answer 24

A1: 810,000 to 1,170,000 antigen sites

Question 25

What is SeSe or Sese?

Answer 25

Secretor gene
codes for the production of a transferase, results in the modification of the type 1 precursor substance in secretions to express H substance

Question 26

sese

Answer 26

People who inherit the sese genotype are termed non-secretors

Question 27

Type A1

Answer 27

RBCs that react with both anti-A & A1

Question 28

Type A2

Answer 28

RBCs that react with anti-A and not anti-A1

Question 29

immunodominant sugar on both A1 & A2 RBCs

Answer 29

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine

Question 30

Lectin

Answer 30

seed extracts that agglutinate human cells with some degree of specificity
Agglutinates A1 or A1B cells
does not agglutinate A2 or A2B cells

Question 31

Dolichos biflorus

Answer 31

source of anti-A1 Lectin