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Blood Bank > Lecture #9: Antiglobulin Test > Flashcards

Lecture #9: Antiglobulin Test Flashcards

1
Q

it is obtained from immunized nonhuman species bind to human globulins such as IgG and complements

A

Antihuman globulins

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2
Q

one of the major type of blood group antibodies that directly agglutinate RBCs

A

IgM

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3
Q

IgM react best at what temperature?

due to its reaction on that specific temperature, it is also called as?

A

room temperature

cold-reacting antibody

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4
Q

why does it called nonagglutinating or incomplete antibodes?

this antibodies react best at wht temperature?

A

due to too small to directly agglutinate sensitized RBC

37 degree celcius

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5
Q

IgG antibodies are also called as … due to its characteristic in reacting specific temperture

A

warm-reacting antibodies

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6
Q

Adding AHG that contains IgG result

A

Hemagglutination

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7
Q

T/F. AHG can also be used to detect RBC sensitized with IgG alloantibodies, IgG antibodies, and complement components

A

True

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8
Q

senzitization can occur either _____ or _____

A

in vivo or in vitro

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9
Q

he used rabbit antigoat serum to agglutinate rabbit rbcs that were sensitized with low nonagglutinating doses of goat anti-rabbit RBC antgen

A

Moreschi

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10
Q

first application of the AHG test

A

Weak D Testing

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11
Q

who presented the first indication that there might be another antibody activity present tht influenced the final reaction

A

Dacie

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12
Q

T/F. it was Coombs and mourant demosntraed that the antibody activity that detected Rh antibodies was associated with the anti-gammaglobulin fraction in the reagent

A

True

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13
Q

what antibodies resulted from anti-gamma globulin activity

A

Warm antibodies

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14
Q

what antibodies resulted from anti-nongamma globulin activity

A

Cold antibodies

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15
Q

Which of the following are true in Nongamma globulin component
A. shown to be beta globulin
b. shown to be alpha globulin
c.had specificty for complement
d.doesnt have specificty for complement
e.complment activity was a result of c3 and c4

A

A, C, E

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16
Q

it contains antibody to human IgG and to the c3d component of human complement

A

Polyspecific AHG

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17
Q

contains only one antibody specificity, either anti-IgG or antibody to specific complement

A

monospecific AHG

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18
Q

T/F. If Anti-IgG reagent is not labeled as gamma heavy chain-specific, it may contain anti-light chain specificty, specifically anti-kappa and anti-lambda or it may not react with cells sensitized with IgM, IgA and IgG

A

False.

why? onsa naka false abir?

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19
Q

it is a mixture of antibodies from different plasma cell clones

A

polyspecific antibodies

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20
Q

this antibodies result in recognizing differet antigenic determinants, or the same portion of the antigen but with different affinities

A

polyspecific antibodies

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21
Q

what technology where monoclonal antibodies produced

A

hybridoma technology

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22
Q

what ahg production where rabbits is usually used and sheep or goats can also be used

A

polyspecific

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23
Q

what animal is usually used in monospecific

A

mouse

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24
Q

t/f.sheep or goats are used for smaller volumes

A

false

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25
Q

what is the reason why ant-IgG pool and anti-complement pool is absorbed with A1, B, and O cells

A

to remove heterospecific antibodies

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26
Q

what cells are fused with antibody-secreting lymphocyte in the spleen cells of mouse

A

myeloma cells

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27
Q

what contains the mouse spleen cells

A

antibody-secreting lymphocyte

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28
Q

what is the used of dyed green in the reagent of monoclonal specific

A

identification

29
Q

T/F. All antibody molecules produced by a clone of hybridoma cells are identical in terms of antibody structure and antigen specificity

A

true

30
Q

considered as one of the advantage o hybridoma technology in AHG production

A

available indefinitely

31
Q

it is a one stage technique used to detect in vivo sensitization

A

direct antiglobulin test

32
Q

what is the aim of DAT

A

to detect antibodies bound to rbc surface

33
Q

how many IgG molecules per rbc does the DAT can detect?

how many c3d molecules per rbc does the DAT can detect?

A

100-500 IgG molecules

400-1,100 c3d molecules

34
Q

which of the following are not included in clinical application for DAT

a. HDN
b. HTR
c. Rbc phenotyping
d. antibody screening and Identification
e. Autoimmune and drug-induced hemolytic anemia

A

c and d

35
Q

it is a two stage technque used to determine in vitro sensitization of rbcs

A

indirect antiglobulin test

36
Q

what reaction is obtained when there is 100-200 IgG or c3d molecules

A

positive

37
Q

Identify what stage in IDAT in additional of coombs reagent to the test

A

2nd stage

38
Q

what are the clinical applications for IDAT?

A

compatibility testing or crossmatching
antibody screening and Identification
rbc phenotyping
titration of incomplete antibodies

39
Q

what is the purpose of incubating rbc with antisera

a. removes free globulin molecules
b. accelerates agglutinaton
c. allows time for antibody moleule attachment to rbc antigen

A

c

40
Q

what is the purpose of centrifuge

a. accelerates agglutination by bringing the cells together
b. removes free globulin molecules
c. allows time for antibody molecule attachment to rbc antigen
d. forms rbc agglutinates

A

a

41
Q

what is the purpose in prforming a minimum of three saline washes

a. accelerates agglutination by bringing the cells together
b. removes free globulin molecules
c. allows time for antibody molecule attachment to rbc antigen
d. forms rbc agglutinates

A

b

42
Q

what is the purpose in adding antiglobulin reagent

a. accelerates agglutination by bringing the cells together
b. removes free globulin molecules
c. allows time for antibody molecule attachment to rbc antigen
d. forms rbc agglutinates

A

d

43
Q

what should you do when you obtain a negative reaction in chu chu test

A

add check cells

44
Q

wat task determines the strength of reaction

A

grade agglutination reactions

45
Q

what confirms the presence of active AHG reagent in the test mixture

A

agglutination of check cells

46
Q

are IgG-sensitized red cells, that if theres no agglutination, it will invaldates the tets

A

check cells

47
Q

what is the ratio of serum to cells

A

40:1

48
Q

what happens when there is increasing ratio of serum

A

increases the sensitivty of the test system

49
Q

what reaction medium that its macromolecules allow antibody-coated cells to ocme into closer contact with each other, hence aggregation

A

albumin

50
Q

Addition of albumin, _____ the incubation time

A

decreases

51
Q

what reaction medium that reduces the zeta potential surrounding the rbc

A

low ionic strength solution

52
Q

LISS medium may be achieved by either:

A

suspending rbc in liss or

using liss additive regent

53
Q

what reaction medium that removes water molecules surrounding the rbc

A

polyethylene glycol

54
Q

the following are characteristic of this reaction medium except:

a. water-soluble linear polymer
b. effectively concentrates antibody
c. water-insoluble
d. removes water molecules in the plasma or serum
e. used as an additive to increase antibody uptake

A

c and d

55
Q

what is the incubation time for saline

A

30-120 mins

56
Q

what is the incubation time for LISS or PEG

A

10-15 minutes

57
Q

inadequate washing of rbc may result to

A

false negative

58
Q

what is he pH of saline for washing

A

7.2-7.4

59
Q

it is a CBER recommended for centrifugation for reading

A

1000 RCF for 20s

60
Q

a potent rouleaux-forming reagent

A

polybrene

61
Q

it is added to reverse rouleaux

A

high ionic strength solution

62
Q

what technique is used that relies on low ionic condition to rapidly sensitize cells with antibody

A

low ionic polybrene technique

63
Q

test that detecs rbc antigen-antibody reaction by means of using chamber

A

gel test

64
Q

what gel filled in the chamber during gel test

A

polyacrylamide gel

65
Q

T/F. washing is omitted in gel test

A

true

66
Q

type of gel test that does not contain any specific reagent and acts only by its property of trapping agglutinates

A

neutral gel

67
Q

what type of gel that a specific reagent is incorporated into the gel

A

specific gel

68
Q

type of gel where ahg reagent incorporated into the gel

A

Gel LOw IOnic ANtiGLOBULIN tEST

69
Q

centrifugation for GLIAT

A

910 rpm for 10 minutes

Blood Bank (3 decks)

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