Lecture #9: Antiglobulin Test

Question 1

it is obtained from immunized nonhuman species bind to human globulins such as IgG and complements

Answer 1

Antihuman globulins

Question 2

one of the major type of blood group antibodies that directly agglutinate RBCs

Answer 2

IgM

Question 3

IgM react best at what temperature?

due to its reaction on that specific temperature, it is also called as?

Answer 3

room temperature

cold-reacting antibody

Question 4

why does it called nonagglutinating or incomplete antibodes?

this antibodies react best at wht temperature?

Answer 4

due to too small to directly agglutinate sensitized RBC

37 degree celcius

Question 5

IgG antibodies are also called as … due to its characteristic in reacting specific temperture

Answer 5

warm-reacting antibodies

Question 6

Adding AHG that contains IgG result

Answer 6

Hemagglutination

Question 7

T/F. AHG can also be used to detect RBC sensitized with IgG alloantibodies, IgG antibodies, and complement components

Answer 7

True

Question 8

senzitization can occur either _____ or _____

Answer 8

in vivo or in vitro

Question 9

he used rabbit antigoat serum to agglutinate rabbit rbcs that were sensitized with low nonagglutinating doses of goat anti-rabbit RBC antgen

Answer 9

Moreschi

Question 10

first application of the AHG test

Answer 10

Weak D Testing

Question 11

who presented the first indication that there might be another antibody activity present tht influenced the final reaction

Answer 11

Dacie

Question 12

T/F. it was Coombs and mourant demosntraed that the antibody activity that detected Rh antibodies was associated with the anti-gammaglobulin fraction in the reagent

Answer 12

True

Question 13

what antibodies resulted from anti-gamma globulin activity

Answer 13

Warm antibodies

Question 14

what antibodies resulted from anti-nongamma globulin activity

Answer 14

Cold antibodies

Question 15

Which of the following are true in Nongamma globulin component
A. shown to be beta globulin
b. shown to be alpha globulin
c.had specificty for complement
d.doesnt have specificty for complement
e.complment activity was a result of c3 and c4

Answer 15

A, C, E

Question 16

it contains antibody to human IgG and to the c3d component of human complement

Answer 16

Polyspecific AHG

Question 17

contains only one antibody specificity, either anti-IgG or antibody to specific complement

Answer 17

monospecific AHG

Question 18

T/F. If Anti-IgG reagent is not labeled as gamma heavy chain-specific, it may contain anti-light chain specificty, specifically anti-kappa and anti-lambda or it may not react with cells sensitized with IgM, IgA and IgG

Answer 18

False.

why? onsa naka false abir?

Question 19

it is a mixture of antibodies from different plasma cell clones

Answer 19

polyspecific antibodies

Question 20

this antibodies result in recognizing differet antigenic determinants, or the same portion of the antigen but with different affinities

Answer 20

polyspecific antibodies

Question 21

what technology where monoclonal antibodies produced

Answer 21

hybridoma technology

Question 22

what ahg production where rabbits is usually used and sheep or goats can also be used

Answer 22

polyspecific

Question 23

what animal is usually used in monospecific

Answer 23

mouse

Question 24

t/f.sheep or goats are used for smaller volumes

Answer 24

false

Question 25

what is the reason why ant-IgG pool and anti-complement pool is absorbed with A1, B, and O cells

Answer 25

to remove heterospecific antibodies

Question 26

what cells are fused with antibody-secreting lymphocyte in the spleen cells of mouse

Answer 26

myeloma cells

Question 27

what contains the mouse spleen cells

Answer 27

antibody-secreting lymphocyte

Question 28

what is the used of dyed green in the reagent of monoclonal specific

Answer 28

identification

Question 29

T/F. All antibody molecules produced by a clone of hybridoma cells are identical in terms of antibody structure and antigen specificity

Answer 29

true

Question 30

considered as one of the advantage o hybridoma technology in AHG production

Answer 30

available indefinitely

Question 31

it is a one stage technique used to detect in vivo sensitization

Answer 31

direct antiglobulin test

Question 32

what is the aim of DAT

Answer 32

to detect antibodies bound to rbc surface

Question 33

how many IgG molecules per rbc does the DAT can detect? | how many c3d molecules per rbc does the DAT can detect?

Answer 33

100-500 IgG molecules | 400-1,100 c3d molecules

Question 34

which of the following are not included in clinical application for DAT a. HDN b. HTR c. Rbc phenotyping d. antibody screening and Identification e. Autoimmune and drug-induced hemolytic anemia

Answer 34

c and d

Question 35

it is a two stage technque used to determine in vitro sensitization of rbcs

Answer 35

indirect antiglobulin test

Question 36

what reaction is obtained when there is 100-200 IgG or c3d molecules

Answer 36

positive

Question 37

Identify what stage in IDAT in additional of coombs reagent to the test

Answer 37

2nd stage

Question 38

what are the clinical applications for IDAT?

Answer 38

compatibility testing or crossmatching antibody screening and Identification rbc phenotyping titration of incomplete antibodies

Question 39

what is the purpose of incubating rbc with antisera a. removes free globulin molecules b. accelerates agglutinaton c. allows time for antibody moleule attachment to rbc antigen

Answer 39

c

Question 40

what is the purpose of centrifuge a. accelerates agglutination by bringing the cells together b. removes free globulin molecules c. allows time for antibody molecule attachment to rbc antigen d. forms rbc agglutinates

Answer 40

a

Question 41

what is the purpose in prforming a minimum of three saline washes a. accelerates agglutination by bringing the cells together b. removes free globulin molecules c. allows time for antibody molecule attachment to rbc antigen d. forms rbc agglutinates

Answer 41

b

Question 42

what is the purpose in adding antiglobulin reagent a. accelerates agglutination by bringing the cells together b. removes free globulin molecules c. allows time for antibody molecule attachment to rbc antigen d. forms rbc agglutinates

Answer 42

d

Question 43

what should you do when you obtain a negative reaction in chu chu test

Answer 43

add check cells

Question 44

wat task determines the strength of reaction

Answer 44

grade agglutination reactions

Question 45

what confirms the presence of active AHG reagent in the test mixture

Answer 45

agglutination of check cells

Question 46

are IgG-sensitized red cells, that if theres no agglutination, it will invaldates the tets

Answer 46

check cells

Question 47

what is the ratio of serum to cells

Answer 47

40:1

Question 48

what happens when there is increasing ratio of serum

Answer 48

increases the sensitivty of the test system

Question 49

what reaction medium that its macromolecules allow antibody-coated cells to ocme into closer contact with each other, hence aggregation

Answer 49

albumin

Question 50

Addition of albumin, _____ the incubation time

Answer 50

decreases

Question 51

what reaction medium that reduces the zeta potential surrounding the rbc

Answer 51

low ionic strength solution

Question 52

LISS medium may be achieved by either:

Answer 52

suspending rbc in liss or | using liss additive regent

Question 53

what reaction medium that removes water molecules surrounding the rbc

Answer 53

polyethylene glycol

Question 54

the following are characteristic of this reaction medium except: a. water-soluble linear polymer b. effectively concentrates antibody c. water-insoluble d. removes water molecules in the plasma or serum e. used as an additive to increase antibody uptake

Answer 54

c and d

Question 55

what is the incubation time for saline

Answer 55

30-120 mins

Question 56

what is the incubation time for LISS or PEG

Answer 56

10-15 minutes

Question 57

inadequate washing of rbc may result to

Answer 57

false negative

Question 58

what is he pH of saline for washing

Answer 58

7.2-7.4

Question 59

it is a CBER recommended for centrifugation for reading

Answer 59

1000 RCF for 20s

Question 60

a potent rouleaux-forming reagent

Answer 60

polybrene

Question 61

it is added to reverse rouleaux

Answer 61

high ionic strength solution

Question 62

what technique is used that relies on low ionic condition to rapidly sensitize cells with antibody

Answer 62

low ionic polybrene technique

Question 63

test that detecs rbc antigen-antibody reaction by means of using chamber

Answer 63

gel test

Question 64

what gel filled in the chamber during gel test

Answer 64

polyacrylamide gel

Question 65

T/F. washing is omitted in gel test

Answer 65

true

Question 66

type of gel test that does not contain any specific reagent and acts only by its property of trapping agglutinates

Answer 66

neutral gel

Question 67

what type of gel that a specific reagent is incorporated into the gel

Answer 67

specific gel

Question 68

type of gel where ahg reagent incorporated into the gel

Answer 68

Gel LOw IOnic ANtiGLOBULIN tEST

Question 69

centrifugation for GLIAT

Answer 69

910 rpm for 10 minutes