Lecture 9 and 10

Question 1

Kin Selection

Answer 1

r=Coefficient of relatedness
How related one is to their kin. r=0.5 for offspring/full siblings
r=0.25 for Grandchildren and half siblings and nieces and nephews.
r=0/125 for Great grandchildren and cousins.

Question 2

Intense competition expected if:

Answer 2

• More males present at mating time
• There are fewer females
• Longer interbirth intervals
• Shorter period of female sexual receptivity

Question 3

Paleocene 65-56 MYA

Answer 3

Plesiadapiforms, Primitive primate like mammals. 10 Families of them including 35 species and more than 75 species. Variable in died and body size ranging from 10g to 3 or more kg. Variable in locomotor patterns and the activity pattens unknown although assumed nocturnal.

Question 4

Primate Ancestors

Answer 4

Probably not primates. Plesiadapiforms had the dental formula of 3-1-3-3 whereas the earliest definitive primates had 2-1-4-3

Question 5

Eocene (54-34 mya)

Answer 5

Very warm period. Eocene epoch the first definite fossil primates.

Question 6

Eocene: Adapoids

Answer 6

Small to medium and ate a range of diets such as fruits, leaves and insects. Arboreal quadrupeds. Lemur like - small eyes and a long snout but no tooth comb.

Question 7

Eocene: Omomyoids

Answer 7

Small bodied frugivores and insectivores. Some were leapers and they were tarsier like with large eyes and a short snout but with no post orbital closure.

Question 8

Oligocene 34-23 mya.

Parapithecids

Answer 8

Around 35 mya Late Eocene, early Oligocene. 150g to 3 kg. Diet of fruit and seeds, leapers and there is sexual dimorphism. Complete post orbital closure and no ear tube. With the dental formula 2.1.3.3 and overall more primitive than NWM.

Question 9

Propliopithecids

Answer 9

Around 32 mya in the early Oligocene, medium sized at 6kg. Arboreal quadruped, diurnal and a frugivore with sexual dimorphism. Post orbital closure and no tubular ear as well as the dentition of 2.1.2.3.

Question 10

The Miocene 23-5 mya

Answer 10

Fossil old world monkeys, Victoriapithecus 18 mya predates the split of the cercopithecines and colobines.
Modern OWM not seen until the late Miocene.

Question 11

Early Miocene apes 23-18 mya

Answer 11

Pronconsolids.

3.5- 50 kg.

Question 12

Mid-Miocene: Drypoithecus

Answer 12

Generalised apes- 20-35kg. Y-5 Molars and thin enamel and a frugivore.

Question 13

Mid-Miocene: Pierolapithecus

Answer 13

12.5-13 mya discovered in spain . Last Common Ancestor of Great Apes.

Question 14

Pliobates cataloniae

Answer 14

11.6 mya, Spain, Suspensory and possibly the late surviving decendent of hominoid LCA.