Lecture 9

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

Processes that drive us to start or make progress towards goals.

Question 2

Intrinsic Motivation

Answer 2

Internal : doing a task because personally motivated. Generally considered better, more stable source of motivation. Getting rewards for voluntary completion of tasks can worsen performance.

Question 3

Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 3

External : doing a task for pay / reward, or because of pressure from others.

Question 4

West vs East Cultures

Answer 4

Western: North America, Europe, Australia East: Japan, China, Korea

Question 5

Independent Self

Answer 5

Defining oneself in terms of personal feelings and experiences. More common view in West. Personal choice defines whether intrinsic motivation exists.

Question 6

Interdependent Self

Answer 6

Defining oneself in terms of relationships to other people. More common view in East. Intrinsic motivation can exist even if close other makes choice.

Question 7

Maslow Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 7

Positive Psychology

Question 8

Emotions

Answer 8

Involve a physiological sensation, a conscious feeling or “label”, and a recognizable mode of expression

Question 9

Two-Factor Theory of Emotions

Answer 9

Schachter. Generalized arousal leads to emotional experience. Contextual cues determine which emotional experience we have. Same arousal could be interpreted in different ways.

Question 10

Where we currently are about emotions

Answer 10

Consistent with Schachter’s core ideas. Emotions not physiologically identical.

Question 11

Universal Emotional Expressions

Answer 11

Darwin proposed human facial expressions for emotions are universal. Paul Ekman did international research (even remote areas) having participants match emotional faces with stories.

Question 12

Social Psychology

Answer 12

How thoughts, feelings, and behaviours are influenced by other people and by social contexts. (Attraction, love, conformity, prejudice, discrimination, attitudes)

Question 13

Attraction

Answer 13

Both the basis of friendship and romantic love. Predicted by proximity, similarity, and physical attractiveness.

Question 14

Predicting Attraction : Proximity

Answer 14

The more we see and interact with people, the more likely they are to become our friends and lovers. (more opportunity and exposure)

Question 15

Predicting Attraction : Similarity

Answer 15

We are attracted to people who are like us. Interests and values v important. Attitudes and demographics play a role. Perceived similarity

Question 16

Predicting Attraction : Physical Attractiveness

Answer 16

Matching Phenomenon : People tend to pair off with partners of about equal attractiveness. Equity theory Plays a role in relationship success (satisfaction / longevity)

Question 17

Predicting Attraction : Misattribution of Arousal

Answer 17

Because we observe the social context to label our emotions, we can make mistakes about where our arousal came from. (Capilano Suspension Bridge study)