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CD 558- Exam 2 > Lecture 9 > Flashcards

Lecture 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 types of fibers do cranial nerves consist of?

A

Efferent motor and afferent sensory fibers

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2
Q

Efferent motor fibers vs. Afferent sensory fiber origins

A

efferent motor fibers: originate in the nuclei of the brainstem:: afferent sensory fibers: originate in the peripheral ganglia (trigeminal ganglia)

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3
Q

Cranial nerves receive bilateral UMN innervation. T or F?

A

True

w/ the exception of portions of CN V, VII, & XII

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4
Q

Corticobulbar pathways cross over at the level of _________.

A

the CN nuclei

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5
Q

Trigeminal nerve (CN V) is not a mixed nerve. T or F?

A

False; it is a mixed nerve.

It has both motor and sensory functions.

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6
Q

Where do the motor and sensory roots of the trigeminal nerve attach?

A

The Pons

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7
Q

motor roots vs. sensory pathway nuclei (CN V)

A

motor nuclei: restricted to Pons:: sensory pathways: cell bodies in trigeminal ganglia & terminate in trigeminal sensory nucleus

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8
Q

What muscles does the trigeminal nerve innervate?

A
  • muscles closing/ opening the jaw
  • muscle of velopharyngeal closure
  • muscle tensing in the tympanic membrane
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9
Q

Sensory innervation of the Trigeminal nerve

A

Opthalmic nerve, maxillary nerve, mandibular nerve

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10
Q

What are the the 5 functions of the Trigeminal nerve?

A
  1. Mastication
  2. Articulation
  3. Tensing/closure of the soft palate
  4. hyolaryngeal elevation
  5. sensation to the face, teeth, gums, & anterior 2/3 of the tongue

(MATHS)

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11
Q

During trigeminal nerve motor testing where the jaw is supposed to open freely against resistance, the jaw will deviate towards the weak side of what muscle?

A

pterygoid muscle

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12
Q

weakness of the lateral pterygoid is expressed as ?

A

difficulty moving in the opposite direction

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13
Q

unilateral UMN damage vs. unilateral LMN damage (CN V)

A

unilateral UMN damage: no significant motor defecits :: unilateral LMN damage: mandible deviates towards side of paralysis or paresis during opening; hyptonia & atrophy; impaired hyolaryngeal elevation

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14
Q

bilateral UMN damage vs. Unilateral LMN damage (CN V)

A

bilateral UMN damage: hypertonia; slow movements; restricted jaw opening/closing; reduced hyolaryngeal elevation :: bilateral LMN damage: hypotonia; impaired jaw opening/closing; impaired hyolaryngeal elevation

(note: HYPERtonia vs HYPOtonia)

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15
Q

The facial nerve (CN VII) is a mixed nerve, T or F?

A

True; both motor and sensory functions.

Roots are attached to the PONS.

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16
Q

motor pathways vs. sensory pathways (CN VII)

A

motor pathways: begin in facial motor nucleues in pons :: sensory pathways: cell bodies in geniculate ganglion; terminate in tractus solitarius (taste) nucleus and trigeminal nerve spinal nucleus (touch)

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17
Q

The facial nerve’s motor branches innervate…

A
  • the muscles of facial expression
  • platysma
  • stylohyoid
  • stapedius
  • post. belly of digastric.

(note: the visceral motor branches innervate the lacrimal, submandibular and sublingual glands.)

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18
Q

What two senses do the sensory branches of the Facial nerve innervate?

A
  1. special sensory: taste for the ant. 2/3 of tongue, floor of mouth and palate
  2. touch: external ear and auditory meatus
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19
Q

What are the 4 functions of the facial nerve?

A
  • Movements of facial expression
  • supports hyolarngeal elevation
  • saliva & tear production
  • taste 2/3 of tongue
20
Q

Two tests for motor testing of facial nerve?

A

test for facial symmetry

test motor function for upper/lower face

21
Q

Unilateral UMN damage leads to upper face weakness. T or F?

A

False; no upper face weakness occurs b/c it is bilaterally innervated.

Contralateral lower face weakness occurs instead.

22
Q

Bilateral UMN damage leads to ________ of the whole face.

A

spastic paralysis

23
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) Anatomy

A
  • emerges from the medulla
  • motor portions originate in nucleus ambiggus in medulla

-sensory components are processed in the nucleus solitarius in the medulla

24
Q

Motor vs. sensory innervation of glossopharyngeal nerve

A

motor: innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle:: sensory: post. 1/3 of the tongue, soft palate

25
Q

What reflex is the glossopharyngeal nerve responsible for?

A

the gag reflex

26
Q

the stylopgaryngeus muscle assists in the elevation of the ______ and ______ during _______.

A

larynx
pharynx
swallowing

27
Q

To test the sensory part of the glossopharyngeal nerve, what do you test?

A

the gag reflex

*no test for the motor part

28
Q

The vagus nerve (X) is the most ________ cranial nerve.

A

complex

29
Q

motor portions vs. sensory pathways of vagus nerve

A

motor portions: originate in the nucleus ambiguus in the medulla:: sensory pathways: cell bodies in inferior ganglia; terminate in the nucleus solitarius in the medulla

30
Q

What are the 2 main branches of the vagus nerve?

A
  • laryngeal branch

- pharyngeal branch

31
Q

The laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve innervates…

A

all the intrinsic laryngeal muscles (except cricothyroid)

32
Q

The pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve innervates…

A

the muscles of the pharynx and muscles of the soft palate.

33
Q

Vagus nerve’s motor function is responsible for ______ production and ______.

A

Voice

Swallowing

34
Q

Sensory function of the Vagus Nerve

A
  • plays role in triggering pharyngeal phase of swallowing
  • triggers cough reflex
  • allows detection of food/liquid residue after swallow
35
Q

testing of vagus nerve: palate function

A

test gag reflex and observe palatal movement during production of “ah”

36
Q

spinal accessory nerve consists of only _______ nuerons.

A

motor

37
Q

what roots does the spinal accessory nerve consist of?

A

cranial and spinal roots

38
Q

The cranial nerves join the vagus nerve to innervate the _______ muscles.

A

palatal

39
Q

The spinal roots innervate the _________ and _______.

A

sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

40
Q

Where does the hypoglossal nerve originate?

A

In the medulla

41
Q

What kid of innervation does the hypoglossal nerve receive?

A

bilateral innervation

exception: neurons that innervate the genioglossus muscle –>only receive contralateral innervation

42
Q

The hypoglossal innervates the intrinsic and extrensic muscles of the ________.

A

tongue

3 extrinsic tongue muscles: genioglossus, hypoglossus and styloglossus

43
Q

The hypoglossal nerve serves to innervate the muscles that are involved in ________ and ________.

A

articulation and swallowing

44
Q

Motor testing in the hypoglossal nerve involves?

A

Looking for: atrophy, fasciculations, tremor/random movements

protrude, push tongue inside cheek and quick movements

45
Q

Unilateral UMN vs LMN damage of the hypoglossal nerve

A

Unilateral UMN damage: results in contralateral weakness:: Unilateral LMN damage results in ipsilateral weakness

46
Q

Bilateral UMN and LMN damage of the hypoglossal nerve results in…

A

weakness of both sides.

47
Q

The cranial nerves are innervated by the ________________.

A

Corticobulbar Tracts

CD 558- Exam 2 (5 decks)

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