Lecture 13

Question 1

child neurology is focused more on specific ______ rather than localized _______.

Answer 1

cell type; regions of the brain

Question 2

In children, the expression of movement disorders is often linked to failure of entire ______ or ________.

Answer 2

brain systems or cell types

Question 3

A nuerological condition caused by injury to the immature brain –>

Answer 3

Cerebral Palsy

Question 4

Non progressive, associated problems such as mental retardation, hearing and visual impairments, perceptual problems are characteristics of?

Answer 4

Cerebral Palsy

Question 5

What are the three major categories of clinical motor disorders?

Answer 5

spasticity
dyskinesia
ataxia

(SAD)

Question 6

What are the causes of Spasticity according to Sanger?

Answer 6

lesions in the descending spinal tracts, midbrain or pons, internal capsule, perventricular white matter and the motor or premotor cortex.

Question 7

A velocity dependent resistance of a muscleto stretch; hypertonia –>

Answer 7

Spasticity

Question 8

Spastic cerebral Palsy is characterized by _______ reflexes and _____ damage.

Answer 8

hypertonic

UMN

Question 9

upper and lower extremity weakness on one side –>

Answer 9

spastic hemiplegia

Question 10

both lower extrimites are involved in ________.

Answer 10

spastic paraplegia

Question 11

all extrimites are involved but LE are affected more in ________.

Answer 11

spastic displegia

Question 12

Spastic quadriplegia involves what extrimities and what systems of speech are affected?

Answer 12

both upper and lower

all subsystems of speech

Question 13

What is the most common dyskinetic cerebral palsy syndromes?

Answer 13

Athetoid (dyskinesia) cerebral palsy

Question 14

The movements of Athetoid cerebral palsy are charactized as?

Answer 14

Slow; usually due to basal ganglia damage

Question 15

What is the most uncommon type of cerebral palsy?

Answer 15

Ataxic Cerebral Palsy

Question 16

Cerebral damage in ataxic cerebral palsy results in what?

Answer 16

dyssynergia=discoordination agonist and antagonist muscles

Question 17

childhood suprabulbar paresis=

Answer 17

isolate paresis/weakness of oral musculature; CN X and CN XII are involved; marked misarticulations and hypernasality

Question 18

a genetic x linked disease that primarily affects males and is characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement –>

Answer 18

duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)

Question 19

What is DMD caused by?

Answer 19

genetic mutational deficiencies or absense of dystrophin in muscles